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quiz #4 Flashcards

1
Q

who created the nursing metaparadigm?

A

jacqueline fawcett

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2
Q

what was the drive for early theorizing lead by?

A

educators who noted that traditional methods for preparing nurses were becoming outdated and science or scientific process wasn’t the only way to inform nursing

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3
Q

what are the four metaparadigm concepts

A

Nursing, person, environment, health

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4
Q

nursing in metaparadigm=

A

nursing actions..

-art and science of nursing; knowing, being and doing of nursing. All of the concepts of nursing together.

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5
Q

person in metaparadigm=

A

patient, family, community; individual or group of individuals receiving care

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6
Q

health in metaparadigm=

A

more than the absence of disease or injury, ideal state of optimal health for client

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7
Q

environment in metaparadigm=

A

internal and external factors

  • internal (genetics, immune function)
  • external (geographical location)
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8
Q

what is the aim of nursing theory?

A
  • A way to organize the knowledge that the nursing profession has (having our own body of knowledge).
  • Enables and guides us to act properly as nurses.
  • Guides us to think broadly about nursing
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9
Q

what is a theory?

A
  • a purposeful set of assumptions or propositions that identify the relationships between concepts
  • provide a systematic view for explaining, predicting, and prescribing phenomena
  • social determinants of illness
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10
Q

nursing theories are not generally propositional, but they reflect?

A

a conceptualization of nursing for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing care

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11
Q

when did a number of major developments in nursing theory occur?

A

1960s, influenced by scientific discoveries and technological applications.

  • disease intervention became more sophisticated
  • focus of society shifted to curing and eradicating disease
  • nurses realized how their role differed from others in the health care team
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12
Q

what is a concept

A

mental formulation of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized and communicated
-ANXIETY

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13
Q

what is conceptualization

A

formulating concepts

-framing behavioural patterns as anxiety related

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14
Q

opperational definition

A

description of concepts, articulated in a way that it can be applied to decision making in practice, links concepts with other concepts, often includes essential properties of concepts
-differentiation and measurement of state and trait of anxiety

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15
Q

what is proposition

A

a declarative assertion

-“clients who receive appropriate nursing care have better health outcomes”

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16
Q

what is phenomenon

A

an aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced
-pain

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17
Q

theoretical model is?

A

mental representation of how things work

  • for example, an architects plan for a house is not the house itself but the set of information necessary to understand how all the building elements will be brought together to create the house
  • biophyscosocial model of health
18
Q

conceptual framework is?

A

theoretical structure that links concepts together for a specific purpose

  • when its purpose is to show how something works, it can also be described as a theoretical model
  • link major nursing concepts and phenomena to direct nursing decisions
  • often called nursing models or nursing theories
  • OREMS self-care model
19
Q

what was Orlandos 1961 problem-solving approach to explain how nurses work with knowledge?

A
  • the nursing process, originally four steps (no diagnosis)

- each step represents a distinct way in which general nursing knowledge could be applied to nurse-patient situations

20
Q

grand theory is?

A

global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena, such as human behaviour or nursing science

  • very broad, require further application through research
  • not intended to provide guidance
  • provide structural framework for broad abstract ideas of nursing
21
Q

middle-range theory is?

A

encompasses a more limited scope and is less abstract

-addresses specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice

22
Q

descriptive theory is?

A

describes phenomena (eg responding to illness through patterns of coping), speculates on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena

  • have the ability to explain, relate, and sometimes predict phenomena
  • designed to help explain client assessments and possibly guide future research
23
Q

prescriptive theory is?

A

addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention

  • should designate the prescription (eg nursing interventions), the conditions in which it occurs, and the consequences
  • action oriented, tests validity and reliability of a nursing intervention
  • guide nursing research to develop and test nursing interventions
24
Q

what is knowledge translation?

A

dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system
-knowledge to action cycle

25
Q

what is knowledge synthesis?

A

contextualization and integration of research findings and individual research studies.

  • must be reproducible and transparent
  • strategies must be clear and simple, plan for evaluation
26
Q

what is knowledge dissemination

A

allowing knowledge/information to be spread

-done at the end of a project or throughout the research process if appropriate (when results are ready to be shared)

27
Q

dissemination vs diffusion?

A 
dissemination= make it happen, active process (youtube videos, posters, presentation, packaging specific message for a specific audience
diffusion= passive process, user needs to seek the information, unplanned, mediated by peers
28
Q

what are the two important points of the knowledge cycle?

A

in the middle is the production
outside is refined, disseminated
you can pop in and out of the middle, not sequential!

29
Q

how do knowledge dissemination and translation work together?

A

knowledge will be thought up and shared (KD) and then translated through peer reviewed journals, presentations, or meetings (KT)

30
Q

what is the inside part of the knowledge cycle?

A

knowledge creation, tailoring knowledge
(knowledge inquiry, synthesis, products/tools)
-known as the knowledge funnel

31
Q

first step in knowledge to action cycle?

A

identify problem, review and select knowledge

32
Q

last step in knowledge to action cycle?

A

sustain the knowledge use, make sure it can be used

33
Q

describe the push and pull action for KT?

A

• Push:
○ someone who goes out of their way to give information to others
• Pull:
○ Knowledge users plan and implement strategies to pull knowledge from sources they identify as producing knowledge that is useful to their decision making
• Exchange:
Includes efforts to bring the researcher and knowledge user communities together through an interactive process either at the end throughout the research project

34
Q

what is knowledge brokering?

A

a process involving an intermediary (eg. Individuals, organizations or resources) at work to make research evidence more accessible for its users whether they be clinicians, policymakers or other decision-makers

35
Q

barriers/facilitators?

A

Barrier: Any real or perceived concept that interferes with a change intervention
Facilitator: Factors that would promote or help implement shared decision-making in clinical practice

36
Q

what are examples of barriers and facilitators?

A

Examples of facilitators: Group interaction, positive staff attitudes and beliefs, leadership support, champions etc
Examples of barriers: negative staff attitudes and beliefs, limited integration of guideline recommendation into organizational structures and processes

37
Q

fundamentals of dissemination?

A
  • should be informed by high-quality context specific evidence
  • Messages should be clear, simple, action-oriented and tailored for each audience
  • include a plan to evaluate the impact of the chosen approach, including ways to measure success
38
Q

key learning points outlined on the website

A
  • Dissemination targets research findings to specific audiences
  • Dissemination activities should be considered and outlined in a dissemination plan
  • Researchers should engage knowledge users to craft messages and help disseminate research findings
  • Collaborative relationships between researchers and knowledge users built on trust and frequent interaction appear to enhance the effectiveness of dissemination and exchange activities
  • Knowledge brokers, networks, and communities of practice hold promise as innovative ways to disseminate and exchange knowledge
  • Knowledge exchange, or integrated KT, involves active collaboration and exchange between researchers and knowledge users throughout the research process
39
Q

what makes integrated KT work effectively?

A

-A process to develop a shared perspective, common language and common understanding about the health problem/issue that the team will focus on
-A mutually negotiated and agreed upon plan to guide the collaboration including clear roles and responsibilities
Including team members with experience in engaging in collaborative research processes
-A strategy for ensuring that trusting relationships among team members are maintained and conflicts are resolved appropriately when they arise
-Institutional support, including incentives in both academic and knowledge user environments to participate in and recognize IKT as a worthwhile activity

40
Q

what is knowledge exchange?

A

-Integrated knowledge translation also known as collaborative research, action research, participatory research, co-production of knowledge or Mode 2 research
Involves researcher/knowledge user collaboration throughout the research process
-This approach is most appropriately used to understand and address complex, relevant and timely “real-life health or health system issues that require engagement of multiple stakeholders in both the research and change processes
-Potentially more time-consuming, demanding and resource intensive but involving knowledge users as partners in the research process is a strong predictor that the research findings will be used the research project will achieve a greater impact

41
Q

attributes of a knowledge broker?

A

-education, 5th year experience, can implement, network skills, accountability, mentorship, organizational culture, physical resources, formalized network ability

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