quiz #4 Flashcards
who created the nursing metaparadigm?
jacqueline fawcett
what was the drive for early theorizing lead by?
educators who noted that traditional methods for preparing nurses were becoming outdated and science or scientific process wasn’t the only way to inform nursing
what are the four metaparadigm concepts
Nursing, person, environment, health
nursing in metaparadigm=
nursing actions..
-art and science of nursing; knowing, being and doing of nursing. All of the concepts of nursing together.
person in metaparadigm=
patient, family, community; individual or group of individuals receiving care
health in metaparadigm=
more than the absence of disease or injury, ideal state of optimal health for client
environment in metaparadigm=
internal and external factors
- internal (genetics, immune function)
- external (geographical location)
what is the aim of nursing theory?
- A way to organize the knowledge that the nursing profession has (having our own body of knowledge).
- Enables and guides us to act properly as nurses.
- Guides us to think broadly about nursing
what is a theory?
- a purposeful set of assumptions or propositions that identify the relationships between concepts
- provide a systematic view for explaining, predicting, and prescribing phenomena
- social determinants of illness
nursing theories are not generally propositional, but they reflect?
a conceptualization of nursing for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing care
when did a number of major developments in nursing theory occur?
1960s, influenced by scientific discoveries and technological applications.
- disease intervention became more sophisticated
- focus of society shifted to curing and eradicating disease
- nurses realized how their role differed from others in the health care team
what is a concept
mental formulation of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized and communicated
-ANXIETY
what is conceptualization
formulating concepts
-framing behavioural patterns as anxiety related
opperational definition
description of concepts, articulated in a way that it can be applied to decision making in practice, links concepts with other concepts, often includes essential properties of concepts
-differentiation and measurement of state and trait of anxiety
what is proposition
a declarative assertion
-“clients who receive appropriate nursing care have better health outcomes”
what is phenomenon
an aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced
-pain
theoretical model is?
mental representation of how things work
- for example, an architects plan for a house is not the house itself but the set of information necessary to understand how all the building elements will be brought together to create the house
- biophyscosocial model of health
conceptual framework is?
theoretical structure that links concepts together for a specific purpose
- when its purpose is to show how something works, it can also be described as a theoretical model
- link major nursing concepts and phenomena to direct nursing decisions
- often called nursing models or nursing theories
- OREMS self-care model
what was Orlandos 1961 problem-solving approach to explain how nurses work with knowledge?
- the nursing process, originally four steps (no diagnosis)
- each step represents a distinct way in which general nursing knowledge could be applied to nurse-patient situations
grand theory is?
global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena, such as human behaviour or nursing science
- very broad, require further application through research
- not intended to provide guidance
- provide structural framework for broad abstract ideas of nursing
middle-range theory is?
encompasses a more limited scope and is less abstract
-addresses specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice
descriptive theory is?
describes phenomena (eg responding to illness through patterns of coping), speculates on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena
- have the ability to explain, relate, and sometimes predict phenomena
- designed to help explain client assessments and possibly guide future research
prescriptive theory is?
addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention
- should designate the prescription (eg nursing interventions), the conditions in which it occurs, and the consequences
- action oriented, tests validity and reliability of a nursing intervention
- guide nursing research to develop and test nursing interventions
what is knowledge translation?
dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system
-knowledge to action cycle