Quiz 4 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Clupeidae
- the herrings
- broad geographic range leads to interesting life-history variation
Characteristics of Clupeidae
- Anadromous
- mostly pelagic, and planktivores
- laterally compressed bodies with keel shaped ventrum edged with scutes
Hanseatic League
- one of the first major European economic unions
- based on herring
Herring periods
-epochs of high herring catches in Scandinavia
What causes herring periods
- autumn easterly winds strengthen that creats currents allowing Norwegian Trench water to enter
- currents correspond with negative North Atl. Oscillation
North Atlantic Oscillation
-due to sea level pressure differentials b/t a permanent low over Greenland and Iceland and a permanent high over the Azores
Negative NAO index
- shows a weak subtropical high and a week icelandic low
- lower pressure gradient results in fewer and weaker winter storms
what is bioenergetics
-the study of processing of energy by living systems at any level of biological organization
First law of thermodynamics
-energy is neither created nor destroyed, it is just transferred
Second law of thermodynamics
-any transformation of energy or matter results in some loss of useful energy
Energy budgets
- Inputs, outputs, storage, and growth
- Inputs = outputs + growth
- units: calories, joules, carbon, biomass
Equation for energy budget
C = M + G + U + F C = energy consumed M = metabolic energy U = energy excreted G = growth energy F = fecal egestion energy -M, G, U are assimilated energy -F is unassimilated energy
How to measure consumption rate in wild
-need to use mathematical models to help interpret consumption and simultaneous loss of food from stomach
Standard metabolism
- closest approximation of basal rate
- fish are quiet, unstressed, not swimming, not feeding or digesting
Routine metabolism
- routine activity of a non-feeding fish
- typically measured in an aquarium or other controlled space
Active metabolism
- additional metabolic cost of activity (swimming)
- will be a function of swimming speed
- also whether metabolism is aerobic or anaerobic
Aerobic respiration
-consumes glucose and produces 36 moles of ATP (262.8 kcal)
Anaerobic respiration
-consumes glucose and produces 3 moles of ATP (21.9 kcal)
Feeding metabolism
- energy used to digest food
- can vary a lot depending on items in the diet
How do we measure respiration rate to estimate metabolism
- oxygen respirometry
- consumption of O2 measured over a known time
- can estimate weight-specific respiration rate when given weight
Calculating weight-specific R variables:
-B = biomass of the fish
V = volume of water in the experiment chamber
O2 = dissolved O2 concentrations in the water
Delta t = time (hours)
What has an affect on metabolism
- body size (weight)
- temperature
- activity
How does weight affect metabolism
-the bigger the fish, the lower its specific respiration rate (R/g)
How have bioenergetic models been used in fisheries
- Sea lamprey control and lake trout
- Climate change and sockeyed salmon production
