Quiz 3

Question 1

Centrarchidae

Answer 1

• 2nd largest endemic family in NA
• half of the taxonomic richness is in NY (14 spp)
• includes Micropterus (bass)

Question 2

Lepomis

Answer 2

• bluegill, sunfish, pumpkinseed

- laterally compressed, high pelvic fins, high maneuverability

Question 3

Habitat of Lepomis family

Answer 3

-lakes, ponds, swamps, slow moving streams

Question 4

Life histories of Lepomis family

Answer 4

• spring-summer spawners
• nest-builders and nest-guarders
• high degree of egg predation

Question 5

Reproductive strategies of Lepomis

Answer 5

• fighters (larger and older)
• sneakers (smaller and younger)
• female mimics

Question 6

Recruitment

Answer 6

-survival to a given life stage or to a fishery

Question 7

Ecological factors

Answer 7

• varied and complex
• recruitment
• water level (affects spawning)
• temperature
• water clarity
• habitat structure

Question 8

Impacts of bass tournaments on bass populations

Answer 8

• fish struggle produces stress
• lives wells take fish miles from point of capture
• out of water for more than 60 seconds

Question 9

Salmonidae

Answer 9

• moderaley primitive family
• 3 subfamilies (whitefishes, salmon/trout/charr, graylings)
• soft fins

Question 10

Whitefishes

Answer 10

• silvery
• round bodies with subterminal mouths
• occur in deeper and cooler lakes
• spawn in fall/early winter

Question 11

Charrs (Brook trout)

Answer 11

• diverse, small, cool streams
• feed on insects/fish
• acid tolerant fish

Question 12

Lake trout

Answer 12

• stock in Lake Erie was fished to extinction
• lamprey are a parasite
• programs developed to extripate lamprey in Great Lakes

Question 13

Pacific salmon

Answer 13

• imported to great lakes to control alewife problem
• semelparous (except for rainbow trout)
• 13 or more anal fin rays

Question 14

The salmons

Answer 14

• iteroparous
• can be FW only or anadromous
• all brackish water forms occur in Baltic Sea

Question 15

Life cycle of the salmons

Answer 15

• egg
• alevins
• fry
• parr
• smolts
• adults
• kelts
• slobbers

Question 16

Smoltification

Answer 16

-transformation of a salmon parr into a form that can tolerate seawater strength salinity

Question 17

Osmoregulation

Answer 17

-the maintenance of electrolyte balance in the bloodstream and cells

Question 18

Smolt transformation

Answer 18

• development of -chloride cells in gill filaments

- allows fish to excrete salts in seawater

Question 19

Freshwater fish are:

Saltwater fish are:

Answer 19

• FW: hyperosmotic (gain h2o by diffusion)

- SW: hypoosmotic

Question 20

How can salmon trace their way back home

Answer 20

• celestial navigation or receptors that sense magnetic anomalies
• ocean currents
• recognition of landmarks
• olfactory cues

Question 21

How do salmon transport nutrients from the sea to FW

Answer 21

• transport carbon 13 that can only originate in saltwater

- transportation occurs when the fish dies and decomposes

Question 22

intact system

Answer 22

-carbon 13 from salmon is spread far from river, including riparian zone and organisms there

Question 23

Elasmobranchs

Answer 23

• sharks, skates, and rays

- primitive but highly specialized and successful

Question 24

Buoyancy of elasmobrachs

Answer 24

• lack a swimbladder
• large oil filled livers
• swim constantly
• neutral density due to osmolarity of blood
• cartilaginous skeleton

Question 25

three forms of respiration in elasmobrachs

Answer 25

- two pump system that draws water in through the mouth - spiracles - ram ventilation for fast moving sharks

Question 26

hydrodynamics and movement in Elasmobranchs

Answer 26

- heterocercal tail | - placoid scales

Question 27

Sensory systems in Elasmobranchs

Answer 27

- olifaction | - ampullae of Lorenzini (electroreception)

Question 28

Teeth of sharks

Answer 28

- modified denticles - can lose up to 30,000 teeth in their lifetime - jaw hangs loosely attatched to cranium (hyostylic)

Question 29

Reproduction in elasmobranchs

Answer 29

- ovipary - ovovivipary - viviparity - some sharks are capable of parthenogenesis

Question 30

Acipenseridae

Answer 30

- sturgeons - 5 rows of bony scutes (ganoid scales) - protrusible toothless mouth - from the lower jurassic era

Question 31

Biology of sturgeons

Answer 31

- benthic feeders - pump water from an opening at top of operculum across gills when feeding - barbels and sensory ampullae

Question 32

Differences between sturgeon and shark

Answer 32

- sturgeon produce hundreds of thousands to millions of tiny eggs with no parental care - don't reproduce every year and have irregular spawning schedule (sturgeon)