Quiz 4 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Top
A
Dorsal
2
Q
Bottom
A
Ventral
3
Q
Front
A
Anterior
4
Q
Back
A
Posterior
5
Q
Middle
A
Medial
6
Q
Side
A
Lateral
7
Q
Frontal Lobe function
A
- problem-solving
- language production
8
Q
Parietal Lobe (dorsal) function
A
- attention
- spacial processing
- somatosensory processing
9
Q
Temporal Lobe (ventral) function
A
- auditory processing
- pattern recognizing
- language processing
10
Q
Occipital Lobe function
A
visual processing
11
Q
“where” and “what” pathways
A
dorsal = where ventral = what
12
Q
Cerebral hemisphere functions
A
Left = substantive, sharp/narrow focus & language Right = transitive, abstract processing
13
Q
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
A
corpus callosum
14
Q
Implicit/procedural memory is associated with the ____ and _____
A
Basal ganglia and motor cortex
15
Q
Explicit/declarative memory is associated with the _____
A
limbic cortex
16
Q
Consolidation of episodic memory is mediated by the _____
A
hippocampus
17
Q
Where are emotions processed?
A
limbic system
18
Q
Amygdala function
A
regulates emotions and focuses on the fear response
19
Q
Dendrite
A
receive neuronal impulses from the previous neuron
20
Q
Axon
A
an insulated cable that passes the electric signals away from the current neuron
21
Q
Synapse
A
the junction structure where one neuron sends a signal to another
22
Q
Adrenaline
A
fight or flight
23
Q
Noradrenaline
A
concentration/alertness
24
Q
Dopamine
A
pleasure
25
Serotonin
mood
26
ϒ-Aminobutryic Acid
calming
27
Acetylcholine
learning
28
Glutamate
memory
29
What is an emotion?
a brief episode of coordinated brain, autonomic, and behavioural changes in response to an event of significance for the organism
30
What are feelings?
correspond to the subjective experience
of emotions, they are the way you as an
individual experience the emotion
31
What are moods?
affective states that are often of lower intensity than emotions but considerably longer in duration
32
What does "affective" mean?
emotions, feelings, moods
33
Research on uncertainty reduction theory suggests that when people engage in communication, their primary goal is ______
a reduction in uncertainty regarding the person or situation
34
People experience the least uncertainty with another if ______
they can see an abstracted reflection of themselves
35
Positive valence
attractiveness
36
negative valence
aversiveness
37
What do theories of emotion explain?
- distinct between emotions, feelings, and moods
- distinct between valence, intensity/arousal, affect, and emotion
- attempt to identify universal emotions
- explore the relation between important events, and emotion
38
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
- an event produces arousal
| - the physiological changes are then interpreted to produce the emotion
39
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
-the event itself can produce arousal and emotion, but arousal does not need to come first
40
James-Lange Theory of Emotion flowchart
event --> arousal --> interpretation --> emotion
41
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion flowchart
emotion arousal
42
Cognitive Theory of Emotion
-the event and arousal happen at the same time
43
Emergence-Synthesis Theory of Emotion
- some emotions do not require interpretation while others do
- many different affective configurations are possible
44
Classical view for how reason and emotion are linked
emotions get in the way of reason
45
Romantic view for how reason and emotion are linked
emotions are better than reason
46
Attention acts as a ___
filter, focusing on what's important and blocking out the rest
47
Emotions steer attention towards _______ that are important for ______
- items in the visual field
| - survival
48
According to some theories, dangerous items are more perceptually _____
salient/important
49
flashbulb memory
- better recall for personal events during significant or emergency situations
- a type of autobiographical memory since it's events, not facts
50
What kind of stimuli are better remembered? Why?
-Negative and arousing stimuli
-greater attention, greater distinctiveness, and
thinking about them more
51
Mood dependent- memory
-Recall is better when the mood at recall matches that during learning
52
The amygdala, a part of the limbic system, is responsible for ______
classical conditioning of a fear response
53
the "low road" to the amygdala mediates _______
fast emergency responses
54
the "high road" to the amygdala mediates ____
more thoughtful responses
55
Where do neurotransmitters travel?
Between nerve cells, activating the amygdala and hippocampus
56
Mentalist Theory of Mind
1) The ability to understand others’ mental states:
belief, desires, intentions
2) We use our mutual knowledge, beliefs, expectations, and assumptions to ground our interactions
-we have our own idea of what others are thinking
57
Attribution/Factors affecting attribution
- explanation for the causes of events or behaviours
| - fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, belief in a just world
58
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as
| the best explanation for people’s behaviour
59
Self-serving bias
“The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people’s failures as internal ones
60
Belief in a just world
The phenomenon in which we think that people
| get what they deserve
61
Ingroup favouritism
Viewing your own group as being more diverse, attractive, nicer, and more socially acceptable
62
Outgroup homogeneity effect
others are seen as having more similarity
63
Ontology can be:
1. Distributed across groups
2. Distributed over inner and outer
processes
3. Culture can organize cognition
64
Mentalism (cognition)
People use mental representations to imagine what others are thinking
65
Functionalism (cognition)
social cognitive processing serves a purpose
66
Shared distributed cognition involves
- shared tacit (implied) knowledge
- how to attend and what to attend to
- context
- Fundamental Mechanisms of Coordination
- public/private goals, sharing information, etc.
67
Polanyi’s structure of tacit knowledge
Functional aspect
Phenomenal Aspect
Semantic aspect
Ontological aspect
68
Functional aspect of tacit knowledge
we attend from particulars to wholes
69
Phenomenal aspect of tacit knowledge
we are aware of the particulars in the appearance
| of the wholes
70
Semantic aspect of tacit knowledge
the particulars become meaningful by their relation
| to the whole
71
Ontological aspect of tacit knowledge
what the tacit knowledge is a knowledge of
72
Joint salience
The ideal solution to a coordination problem among two or more agents is the solution that is more salient, prominent, or conspicuous with respect to their common ground
73
Mood congruent memory
We remember more stimuli if those stimuli match a mood we were in while learning them
