Quiz 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Match the correct benefits and costs to the type of mating system.
Benefit: Shared parental care
A- Monogomy
B- Polyandry
C-Promiscuity
D- Polygany
A. Monogomy
Cost: Males must defend females and/or territory resulting in high energetic costs for the males.
A- Monogamy
B- Polyandry
C-Promiscuity
D- Polygyny
B. Polygyny
Benefit: High fitness due to greater variety of DNA potential
A- Monogamy
B- Polyandry
C-Promiscuity
D- Polygyny
C. Promiscuity
Cost: Females raise the young on their own at an energetic cost
A- Monogamy
B- Polyandry
C-Promiscuity
D- Polygyny
B. Polyandry
Cost: Mating system with the lowest variation in DNA
A- Monogamy
B- Polyandry
C-Promiscuity
D- Polygyny
D. Promiscuity
T/F: In terms of exponential growth where Nt = N0ert, when r = 0, the population will decrease exponentially.
flatline, decrease
false
Match the following characteristics to the correct classification (i.e. r vs K selected species):
Semelparity
r-selected
Many offspring, little to no parental care
r-selected
Short life expectancy
r-selected
Follow a type 3 survivorship curve
r-selected
Tend to have fewer offspring, invest in parental care
k-selected
Iteroparity
k-selected
Follow either type 1 or 2 survivorship curves
k-selected
Populations growth occurs via discrete steps of incremental growth. This type of population may for instance have distinct seasonal fecundity.
A. geometric B. logistic C. exponential
geometric
A population that has unrestricted growth, where the growth rate increases with time.
exponential
A population that appears to have unlimited resources
exponential
A population that has an accelerated growth that then slows down as resources become limited.
logistic
The growth rate of a population slows or stops (when birth rates = death rates) when the population reaches its carrying capacity (i.e. the population size in which an environment may sustainably support).
exponential
Why do life histories of plants and animals vary?
a. The variation in life-history traits comes from the trade-offs that are imposed by the physiological, energetic, and environmental constraints organisms must confront.
b. The variation in life-history traits originate from minimizing an individual’s fitness.
c. The variation in life-history traits comes from the allocation of energy between resting metabolic metabolism and consuming food and or nutrients.
d. The variation in life-history traits solely comes from evolutionary patterns over time.
a. The variation in life history traits comes from the trade-offs that are imposed by the physiological, energetic, and environmental constraints organisms must confront.
Which of the following are the benefits of sexual reproduction? (mark all that apply)
a. Offspring are adapted to the environment as they are genetically identical to the parents
b. Population growth with sexual reproduction is faster compared to asexual reproduction
c. There is a greater probability that some individuals may adapt to the changing environmental conditions and survive
d. Mating and courtship are lost cost
e. Sexual reproduction leads to genetic variability
c. There is a greater probability that some individuals may adapt to the changing environmental conditions and survive
e. Sexual reproduction leads to genetic variability
There are trade-offs for reproduction and growth for individuals. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding growth and reproduction?
a. Increased growth rate is positively correlated to fecundity for many organisms.
b. For some species, fecundity is greater at a larger size. By delaying reproduction until a larger size, individuals likely will have a greater number of offspring than if they reproduced earlier.
c. Allocation of energy to reproduction may hinder some species growth rates in later years.
d. Allocation of energy to reproduction tends to result in a decrease in the growth of an individual.
d. Allocation of energy to reproduction tends to result in a decrease in growth of an individual.
b. For some species, fecundity is greater at a larger size. By delaying reproduction until a larger size, individuals likely will have a greater number of offspring then if they reproduced earlier
Grimes classification for plants is based on the levels of stress and disturbance.
(1) What is the classification within the Grimes scheme of a plant that is found under conditions of low stress and high disturbance? and
(2) What is this Grimes classification most similar to in terms of r- and K-selected life histories?
(1) Ruderal, (2) r-selected
high disturbance
low stress
r/k
(1) Ruderal,
(2) between r- and K-selection
low stress
low disturbance
r/k