QUiZ 5

Question 1

what is the definition monogamy

Answer 1

male and female form pair bond where both parents care for young

Question 2

what is the definition of polygyny

Answer 2

Male mates with several females, each
female mates with only 1 male
note: usually female provides parental care

Question 3

what is the definition og polyandry

Answer 3

female mates w several males
note: male usually provides parental care

Question 4

definition of promiscuity

Answer 4

Both males and females mate several times
with different individuals

Question 5

two preconditions for polygamy

Answer 5

1. degree to which multiple mates or the resources needed for multiple mates is economically defendable (EPP)
2. the ability of animals to use the polygamy potential

Question 6

two factors that effect EPP

Answer 6

1. Spatial distribution of resources
2. Temporal distribution of mates

Question 7

what is Operational Sex Ratio (OSR)

Answer 7

temporal distribution of potential mates

Question 8

what is resource defense polygyny

Answer 8

males defend resources essential for females (indirect control)

Question 9

what is Female (harem) Defense Polygyny

Answer 9

• Females gregarious for reasons
  unrelated to reproduction
• Males control access to females directly

Question 10

what is Male Dominance Polygyny

Answer 10

• Mates or resources cannot be economically monopolized
• Males aggregate, sort themselves out based on dominance status
• Females choose males based on male status

Question 11

what is Resource Defense Polyandry

Answer 11

Females compete/ defend
resources necessary for males

Question 12

Female Access
Polyandry

Answer 12

Females limit access to
males through their interactions

Question 13

when should monogamy evolve

Answer 13

1. If multiple mates, or resources they need, are
   NOT economically defendable (LOW EPP)
2. If animals are unable to capitalize on EPP

Question 14

what is the definition of altruism

Answer 14

acting to increase another individual’s
lifetime fitness at a cost to one’s own survival and
reproduction

Question 15

Rules individuals use to recognize kin

Answer 15

1. recognition by spatial distribution
2. recognition by social learning
3. phenotype matching

Question 16

what predictions does the polygyny threshold model make

Answer 16

prediction about the evolution of polygyny based on female choice.

Question 17

what does the coefficient of relatedness (r) represent

Answer 17

probability that a gene in one individual is identical by decent to a gene in another individual

Question 18

fitness can be partitioned into 2 components

Answer 18

1. direct fitness: number of offspring an individual has
2. indirect fitness: the number of offspring your relative produces w your help.

Question 19

what does B and C stand for in altruistic evolution

Answer 19

B: benefit to the recipiant
C: cost to the altruist

Question 20

when one sex becomes limiting where does the OSR skew
(100 M: 10 F 10:1 (skewed toward males)

Answer 20

increase in intrasexual competition

Question 21

When OSR skewed toward males

Answer 21

intrasexual competition increases among males (polygyny) tend to monopolize

Question 22

When OSR skewed toward females

Answer 22

intrasexual competition should increase among females (polyandry) tend to monopolize