Quiz 5 Flashcards by Ashley Burke

Bilateral, bony landmark on the lateral edge of the alveolar ridge just distal of the last mandibular molar; the retromolar pad fills this area

Retromolar fossa

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At the midline, the cluster of small projection, muscle attachment area (geniohyoid muscle)

Genial tubercles or mental spine

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The oblique line that extends posteriorly and superior lot across the inner surface of the body of the mandible, becoming more prominent as it ascends; point of muscle attachment (mylohyoid muscle)

Mylohyoid line (ridge)

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Posterior & inferior to the mylohyoid line, this fossa contains the submandibular gland

Submandibular fossa

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Anterior and superior to the mylohyoid line, this fossa contains the sublingual gland

Sublingual fossa

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The central opening found near the middle f the internal surface of the ramus, is the opening if the mandibular canal

Mandibular foramen

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Cabal through which the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels pass into the mandible, the region around this foramen is clinically important because it is the infiltration target or the mandibular block anesthesia

Mandibular canal

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With tooth loss the alveolar process undergoes atrophy, this placing the mandibular canal nearer the superior border of the alveolar process; in severe cases the mandibular canal may disappear and expose the inferior alveolar nerve from it’s bony projection

Atrophy

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Patient will have a second mandibular foramen and mandibular canal (positioned inferiority); both will be radiographically evident

Bifold interior alveolar nerve

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The flange of bone which overhangs the mandibular foramen

Lingula

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The groove that passes anteriorly and inferiority from the mandibular foramen

Mylohyoid groove

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The some what roughened area on the upper anterior part of the mandibular condyle

Articulating surface of the condyle

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The depressed area anterior and inferior to the condyle of the mandible

Pterygoid fovea

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Air filled cavities in the cranial and facial bones, communicate with the nasal cavity through the Ostia in the lateral nasal wall (ethmoid and inferior nasal conchae)

Paranasal sinuses

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Functions of the paranasal sinuses

lighten the skull
warm the air inhaled
provide mucus secretions for the nasal cavity
act as sound resonators

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Where does the frontal sinus drain?

The frontonasal duct drains the frontal sinuses into the middle nasal meatus

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Where does the sphenoid sinuses drain?

Drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)

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Where does the ethmoid sinuses drain?

Anterior- middle nasal meatus(hiatus semilunaris)

Middle- middle nasal meatus (bulla ethmoidalis)

Posterior- drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)

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Where does the maxillary sinus drain?

Drains via the Ostia in the middle nasal meatus (hiatus semilunais)

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Congestion and inflammation of the mucous membranes, involving allergies and infections in the nasal sinus

Primary sinusitis

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Symptoms of primary sinusitis

Localized- headache, foul smelling/tasting nasal or pharyngeal drainage; systemic fever and weakness

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Serious complications of primary sinusitis

Spread of infection to the other sinuses, especially the ethmoid and sphenoid, because of tier close proximity to the cavernous sinus an the optic nerve

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Preventing normal air exchange and drainage into the nasal cavity; occurs in extreme asked of sinusitis; requires surgery to enlarge the Ostia openings to restore function

Blockage of the Ostia

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Is common; the drainage of this sinus is complicated because the Ostia is superior to the floor of the sinus cavity, this often requires surgery

Chronic maxillary sinusitis

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Inflammation of the sinuses from another source, an infection or trauma associated with a posterior maxillary tooth; such as a peri apical &/ or periodontal infection or surgical trauma

Secondary sinusitis

An abnormal hole in the wall of the sinus, can occur with an infection or a surgical complication during an extraction or sinus lift; requires additional surgery to repair the sinus this preventing the sinus to drain into the oral cavity

Sinus perforation

Effects the maxillary sinuses

Aging and tooth loss

Aging

Maxillary sinuses enlarge as an individual ages and this sinus may surround the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth an extend it's margins into the body of the zygoma

How does tooth loss effect the maxillary sinuses

Loss of the posterior maxillary teeth allows the maxillary sinus to expand further resorbing the alveolar process to a thin shell of periapical tissue

Location of the hyoid bone

Suspended horizontally in the neck, superioanterior to the thyroid cartilage; when static it is at the level of the third cervical vertebra, it has no bone Articulations

Posteriorly suspended from the styloid processes by the style hyoid ligament

Hyoid bone

Anteriorly suspended from the thyroid cartilage by the thyrohyoid membrane

Hyoid bone

Functions of the hyoid bone

Forms the base of the tongue an the larynx A) serves for many muscle attachments B) mobility aids in mastication, swallowing and phonation

Components of the hyoid bone

This u- shaped bone had five parts

Body of the hyoid bone

Anterior portion at the midline

Two bony projections at the most posterior aspect of the hyoid bone

Greater Cornu

Two bony projections at the lateral aspect of the body of the hyoid bone

Lesser Cornu

Where is oral tori found

1) median palatine- found on the raphe 2) mandibular- found just inferior to the mandibular premolars 3) exostosis- found mostly on the facial & buccal aspect of the alveolar process (maxillary & mandibular) in the attached gingiva MGJ area

Effects several bones and soft tissues, due to the many articulations and close association of the soft tissues

Facial bone fractures

Frontal bone fracture

May effect the forehead and the eyes

Occur at the buttress points of the cranium (medial orbit, articulations of the zygoma-frontal & temporal, and articulations of the term good processes, palatine bones and maxillae

Facial skeleton fractures

These fractures can obstruct the upper respiratory tract

Facial skeleton fractures

Location of the TMJ

This bilateral joint is the articulation between the temporal bone and the mandible, found just anterior to the tragus of the ear

Function of the TMJ

Enables the mandible to move during phonation and mastication

Innervation of the TMJ

An fibulae division to the trigrminal V cranial nerve

Rotational movements of the TMJ

Along the transverse axis, allows the mandible to open & close

Depression (open)

Lowers the mandible, contraction of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoids and the suprahyoids muscles

Elevation (close)

Raises the mandible, contraction of the massester, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles

Along a incline plane, allows the mandible to move forward and backwards

Gliding

Allows for finer movements needed for opening, closing, and shifting of the mandible during speech and mastication

Combination movements

Allows the mandible to shift to one side or the other, unilateral contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscles

Lateral deviation

This movement is utilized during mastication when the teeth crush the food, it is the movement from a lateral deviated position back to the midline

Power stroke

A smooth rounded ridge, just anterior to the articulate fossa

Articular eminence

A depression in which the mandibular condyles articulate just posterior to the articular eminence

Articular fossa

A sharper ridge, just posterior to the Articular fossa

Postglenoid process

Articulates with the temporal bone in the Articular fossa

Mandibular condyles

The head of the condyles, the most superior surface

Articulating surface of the condyle

Completely encloses the J; superiorly covering the Articular eminence and the Articular fossa, inferiorly the mandibular condyles too the neck of the condyles

Joint capsule

Is the biconcave disc located in the capsule between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyles

Articular disc (meniscus of the TMJ)

Are divided by the Articular disc into the upper synovial cavity and the lower synovial cavity

Synovial cavities

Lubricates the joint and fills the synovial cavities these secretions are produced by the membrane lining the synovial cavities

Synovial fluid

Three paired ligaments form from bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones

TMJ ligaments

Location of the TMJ ligament

On the lateral sides of each joint, extends from the posterior surface of the neck of the condyle to the zygomatic arch

Function of the TMJ ligament

Reinforcement of the joint capsule and prevents excessive retraction of the mandible

Location of the sphenoid mandibular ligament

Medial side of the ramus, extends from the angular spine of the sphenoid bone to the Lingula of the mandibular foramen

Function of the sphenoid mandibular ligament

Prevents the mandible from protruding too far; a landmark for anesthesia for the inferior alveolar nerve

Location the stylomabdibular ligament

Posteriomedial surface of the ramus, extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible

Function of the stylomandibular ligament

Prevents mandible from protruding too far

Signs and symptoms of TMJ

- acute or chronic joint tenderness - swelling - muscle spasms - limited or deviated opening of the mandible - referred pain to the head and neck region: ears, neck, shoulders, Ect

Ecological factors of TMJ dysfunction

- stress - parafunctinal habits: clenching & bruxism - malocclusions - posterior bite collapse - trauma: whip lash - osteoarthritis - aging if the disc causing the disc to think and harden - hormonal changes

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(70 cards)