Quiz 5 Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
pHs
A
- pH < 7
- pH = 7
- pH < 7
2
Q
Relationship between H30+ and OH-
A
[H30+][OH-]=1.0 x 10^-14
3
Q
Relationship between pH and pOH
A
pH + pOH = 14
4
Q
Strong Acids and Weak Acids
A
- Strong acids fully dissociate in water
- Weak acids dont fully dissociate
- Strong acid Ka>1
- Weak acid Ka<1
- Lower pKa means a stronger acids
5
Q
Strong Bases and Weak Bases
A
- Strong bases fully dissociate in water
- Weak bases dont fully dissociate
- Strong acid Kb>1
- Weak acid Kb<1
- Lower pKb means a stronger base
6
Q
Realtionship between weak acids ans conjunct bases
A
- Weak acids have strong conjunct bases
- Ka x K= 1.0 x 10^-14
- pKa + pKb = 14
7
Q
Acids
A
- H+ donor
- Makes H3O+
8
Q
Bases
A
- H+ Acceptor
- Makes OH-
9
Q
Perchloric Acid
A
HClO4
Strong Acid
10
Q
Hydrocloric Acid
A
HCl
Strong Acid
11
Q
Hydrobromic Acid
A
HBr
Strong Acid
12
Q
Hydroiodic Acid
A
HI
Strong Acid
13
Q
HNO3
A
Nitric Acid
Strong Acid
14
Q
H2SO4
A
Sulfuric Acid
Strong Acid
15
Q
H3PO4
A
Phosphoric Acid
16
Q
CH3CO2H
A
Acetic Acid
17
Q
RCO2H
A
Carboxylic Acid
18
Q
LiOH
A
Lithium Hydroxide
Strong Base
19
Q
NaOH
A
Sodium Hydroxide
Strong Base
20
Q
KOH
A
Posassium Hydoroxide
Strong Base
21
Q
Ca(OH)2
A
Calcium Hydroxide
Strong Base
22
Q
RONa
A
alkoxides
Strong Base
23
Q
Na2CO3
A
Sodium Carbonate
24
Q
NaHCO3
A
Sodium Bicarbonate
25
NH3
Ammonia
26
R3N
Amines
27
Conjunct Base
Product formed when base looses H+
28
Conjunct Acid
Product formed from when base gains H+
29
pKa increases
When pKa increase by/decrease one unit the solution 10 times more basic/acidic
30
Hydrolysis of Salts
* when an acid and base makes a salt
* What happens in acid base titration
31
Hydrolysis of Salts Anions
* Neutral: Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, ClO4-, Conjugate base of strong acid
* Basic: OH -, CO3 2-, HCO3, SO4 2-, PO4 3-, HPO4 -, RCO 2-, CN -, SH -, O 2-
* Acidic: HSO4 -, H2SO4
32
Hydrolysis of Salts Cations
* Neutral: Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+
* Acidic: Transition metals > or = +2, NH4 +, any protinated amines
33
Effects of Structure and acid-base strenght
* Electronegativity
-In the same row: Negative charge means more stable and postive charge means less stable
- In diffrent row: Smaller atoms are stronger(harder to break) and Larger atoms are weaker(easier to break)
* Resonance Stablizes
34
Titrant
whats in the buret
35
Analyte
whats in the flask
36
Equivalence point
* Moles of titrant=Moles of Anylate
* Equivalence point is the same as end point
* It changes depending on the chemicals involved (acid vs. base
* pH changes rapidly at equivalence point
37
pKa=
pH at the half equivalence point
38
Choosing an indicator
* for strong acid strong base titration many indicators work
* You need to be careful when titrating weak acids or bases
39
At the half equivalence point
pH changes slowly
40
Buffers
* are located at or near the half equivalence point [HA]=[A-]
* a solution that resists changes in pH
* typically conposed of a weak acid and conjugate base or vise-versa
