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MICR33 - Spring 2025 > Quiz #5 > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Flashcards

5/12 - ??? (89 cards)

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1
Q

virus definition

A

obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

virus structure

A

nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA)
capsid

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3
Q

capsid definition

A

protein coat

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4
Q

bacteriophages definition

A

viruses that affect bacteria

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5
Q

bacteriophages life cycles

A

lytic
lysogenic

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6
Q

lytic bacteriophage life cycle process

A

bacteriophage replicates inside cell, the lyses cell -> cell dies

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7
Q

lysogenic bacteriophage life cycle process

A

bacteriophage nucleic acids integrate inot host cell’s genome -> cell lives

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8
Q

steps of life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

1) attachment
2) penetration
3) biosynthesis
4) maturation
5) release

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9
Q

what occurs during attachment in the life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

bacteriophage tail fibers attach to receptors on bacteria

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10
Q

what occurs during penetration in the life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

lysosome released to degrade cell wall, sheath contracts -> phage core goes into cell wall & injects DNA

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11
Q

what occurs during biosynthesis in the life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

bacteriophage DNA copied -> more bacteriophage DNA -> transcribed into bacteriophage mRNA -> translated into bacteriophage proteins

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12
Q

what occurs during maturation in the life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

bacteriophage parts are assembled

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13
Q

what occurs during release in the life cycle of T-even Bacteriophage

A

lysosome breaks up bacterial cell wall, then cell lyses and bacteriophages are released

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14
Q

what is necessary to provide in order to quantify viruses in a sample

A

Host cells

for bacteriophage = Escherichia coli B lawn

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15
Q

plaque definition

A

clearing in a cell culture

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16
Q

how are plaques quantifiable

A

calculate the plaque forming unit (PFU)/mL

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17
Q

PFU/mL =

A

of plaques / amt -phage plated x dilution of amt plated

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18
Q

what is a countable number of plaques

A

30-300

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19
Q

potable definition

A

safe to drink

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20
Q

non-potable water traits

A

usually contaminated by feces -> disease

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21
Q

how can you monitor presence of feces in water

A

fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)

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22
Q

where is FIB found

A

intestines/fecal matter

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23
Q

is FIB (pathogenic/non-pathogenic)

A

non-pathogenic

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24
Q

is FIB (easy/not easy) to culture

A

easy to culture

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25
example of FIB
coliforms
26
Coliforms characteristics (4)
GNRs Ferment Lactose Non-endospore formers Facultative anaerobes
27
amount of coliforms in 1L of potable water
<10 coliforms/1L water
28
amount of coliforms in 100mL of potable water
<1 coliform/100mL water
29
how to determine amount of coliforms in 100mL of water
Multiple tube technique
30
what does multiple tube technique determine
Most Probably Number (MPN) of coliforms
31
3 tests in multiple tube technique
1) Presumptive Test 2) Confirmed Test 3) Completed Test
32
Presumptive test definition
determine if water contains bacteria that ferment lactose into acid and gas
33
what is needed for the presumptive test
set of double strength lactose broth tubes with durham tubes
34
pH indicator for presumptive test
phenol red
35
steps for presumptive test
1) inoculate water sample into double strength lactose broths 2) incubate
36
results of presumptive test
+ = yellow + gas bubble in durham tube - = red
37
how do you analyze results of presumptive test
compare number of positive tubes to the MPN chart
38
Confirmed Test definition
confirm lactose fermentation and gram reaction of positive presumptive test
39
Confirmed test process
positive tubes from presumptive test inoculated onto EMB plate
40
results of Confirmed test
coliforms will grow and produce colonies with metallic green sheen or purple/pink color
41
completed test definition
final testing to conclude presence of coliforms
42
what is used during confirmed test
nutrient agar slants PR lactose broth
43
purpose of nutrient agar slants in confirmed test
use to gram stain -> should see GNRs
44
results of PR lactose broth in confirmed test
should see yellow + gas bubble
45
46
protozoa general characteristics (3)
eukaryotes unicellular can be free-living or pathogenic
47
4 groups of protozoa
amoebozoa flagellates ciliates apicomplexa
48
amoebozoa have what structure + its function
pseudopods: motility/feeding
49
amoebozoa examples
radiolara amoeba
50
radiolara structures
external shell made of silica needle-like pseudopods extend through shell
51
flagellates structure + its function
flagella: motility
52
amoeba structures
pseudopods
53
flagellates example
Euglena *underlined*
54
Euglena shape + structures
leaf shaped (1 flagellum)
55
Ciliates structure + functions
cilia: motility & feeding
56
Ciliates example
Paramecium *underlined*
57
Paramecium shape
leaf shaped (cilia + macronucleus)
58
apicomplexa trait
pathogenic
59
Cyanobacteria traits (4)
bacteria unicellular prokaryotes photosynthetic
60
Cyanobacteria example + its structure
Nostoc *underlined* (chains)
61
Algae traits (3)
eukaryotes photosynthetic uni- or multicellular
62
algae example
diatoms
63
diatoms traits (2)
unicellular diff photosynthetic pigments -> diff colors
64
diatoms cell wall made of ___
silica
65
General Streptococcus Characteristics (4)
GPCs, in chains Catalase-negative most are fastidious -> culture on BAP Sometimes confused with Enterococcus
66
Enterococcus general characteristics (2)
GPCs catalase-negative
67
BAGG Test purpose
ID Enterococcus faecalis
68
BAGG Test medium
BAGG Broth
69
BAGG meaning
Buffered Azide Glycerol Glucose
70
BAGG Broth contains ___ (3)
sodium azide glucose bromocresol purple
71
sodium azide function in BAGG Broth
inhibits growth of Gram-negative bacteria
72
Glucose function in BAGG Broth
fermentable sugar
73
Bromocresol purple function in BAGG Broth
pH indicator
74
Bromocresol purple color in acidic environment
yellow
75
Bromocresol purple color in Neutral/Basic environment
purple
76
BAGG Test Procedure
1) inoculate org into BAGG Broth 2) Incubate at 37°C, ~24-48 hrs
77
BAGG Test Theory
Enterococcus faecalis will ferment glucose -> acid
78
BAGG Test results
+ = yellow - = purple
79
How do surface antigens ID Streptococcus
Streptococcus species display diff surface antigens -> Groups A-O Streptococcus
80
Bacitracin Susceptibility Test purpose
differentiate between Group A Strep. (GAS) & Group B Strep. (GBS)
81
Bacitracin Susceptibility Test medium
BAP
82
Bacitracin Susceptibility Test procedure
1) make 3x lawn of org onto BAP 2) add bacitracin disk 3) incubate at 37°C, 24-48 hrs
83
Bacitracin Susceptibility Test theory
all GAS are sensitive to bacitracin, all GBS are resistant to bacitracin
84
Bacitracin Susceptibility Test results
Bacitracin-sensitive: ZOI (GAS) Bacitracin-resistant: No ZOI (GBS)
85
CAMP Test purpose
to ID Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
86
CAMP Test medium
BAP
87
CAMP Test procedure
1) Streak lines of Staphylococcus aureus CAMP & *unknown* Streptococcus on BAP 2) Incubate at 37°C, 24-48 hrs
88
CAMP Test theory
synergistic effect between hemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus CAMP & Streptococcus agalactiae -> arrowhead of hemolysis
89
CAMP Test results
+ = arrowhead of hemolysis (Streptococcus agalactiae) - = no arrowhead of hemolysis

MICR33 - Spring 2025 (10 decks)

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