Quiz 5 Flashcards by Liliane Ernst

Mesenteries are double layers of __ __ that enclose an organ and connect to the the ___ __ __

visceral peritoneum posterior body wall

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2 subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity

greater and lesser sac

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What divides the greater sac into the supracolic and infraocolic compartments?

the transverse mesocolon

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how do the supra and infracolic compartments communicate with each other?

paracolic gutters

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lesser sac is where in relation to the stomach and lesser omentum?

posterior

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retroperitoneum is a space b/w

the posterior pariteal periotoneum and the posterior abdominal wall

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right upper quadrant contains what 4 organs

liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, and duodenum

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gallbladder can be located

just below the costal margin half way b/w the right nipple and umbilicus

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Left upper quadrant contains

the stomach and spleen

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retroperitoneum contains

pancreas, duodenum, adrenal glads, kidneys, major vessels, and nerves

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liver serves and interface b/w

the digestive system and blood

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the falciform ligament is a double layer of ___ ___ containing the ___ ____ in its free margin

parietal peritoneum ligamentum teres

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main fissure is formed by a line connecting

IVC and fundus of gallbladder

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Umbilical Fissure is formed by

the ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum

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the transverse fissure in between… and… and separates which two lobes?

umbilical and main fissures quadrate and caudate

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portal traid consists of what?

portal vein, artery, and common hepatic duct

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divison b/w right and left lobes takes place at…

the main portal fissure

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75% of liver’s blood supply comes from the… and the other 20-30% come from

portal vein hepatic artery

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blood is collected form the liver and returned to the heart by….

intersegmental middle, right and, left hepatic veins

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left border of the greater omenta is continuous with

the gastrosplenic ligament

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two ligaments of lesser omentum

hepatogastric ligament hepato duodenal ligament

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hepatogastric ligmament attaches along the….: contains the left and right ___ vessels, branches of the ____ nerve and lymph nodes

lesser curvature of the stomach gastric vessels vagus

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hepatoduodenal ligmanet is b/w the __ __ and the….. The ____ ___ artery, ___ vein, and __ __ travel through this ligament

porta hepatis and first portion of the duodenum proper hepatic portal bile duct

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lesser omentum is continuation of

peritoneum after it envelopes the liver

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stomach lies between

the intra-abdominal esophagus and duodenum

what is the name of the longitudinal folds in the stomach?

rugae

GE junction is normally located

in the abdomen below the diaphragm

only communication b/w lesser and greater sac is through...

foramen of Winslow

what hormone releases bile?

cholecystokinin

gallbladder lies within which fissure on which surface of the liver/

main visceral

what keeps the cystic duct from kinking?

spiral valves

common duct terminates as the ___ \_\_ __ in the \_\_-\_\_\_ (postion) aspect of the ____ portion of the duodenum

major duodenal papilla postero-medial descending/second

pancreas is primary or secondary retroperitoneal organ

secondary

pancreas lies at what vertebral level? and extends from where to where

L1-2 c loop of the duodenum to the hilumof hte spleen

main pancreatic duct aka

duct of Wirsung

spleen is located along which ribs/ and in what position

9th-11th postero-laterally

gastrosplenic ligament goes between

the greater curvature of hte stomach and hte hilumof the spleen

which vessels run through the gastrosplenic ligament

short gastric vessels and the origin of the left epiploic vessels

3 main ligmanets that support hte spllen are

gatrosplenic splenorenal phrenicocolic

first major arterial branch of the abdominal aorta

celiac trunk

3 branches of celiac trunk

left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

left gastric artery follows which curve of the stomach

lesser

splenic artery supplies parts of which 3 organs

spleen, pancreas, stomach

left gastroepiploic artery is a branch of which artery

splenic

left gastroepiploic artery supplies which portionof hte stomach

greater curvature

which arteries supplies the greater omentum

left and right gastroepiploic

left gastric after follows which curve of the stomach?

lesser

gastric vessel is a branch of which artery?

splenic

gastrosplenic supplies blood to where?

fundus of the stomach

common hepatic artery divides into

proper hepatic and the gastroduodenal

proper hepatic artery travels in which ligament?

hepatoduodenal

proper hepatic artery splits into

left and right hepatic artery

cystic artery supplies what and is a branch of which artery

gallbladder right hepatic

2 branches of splenic artery

L. gastroepiploic and short gastric

gastroduodenal is a branch of which artery?

common hepatic

3 branches of gastroduodenal afrtery

Right gastric epiploic anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

what 3 veins drain into the portal vein

superior mesenteric, splenic, and inferior mesenteric

porta vein enters the ___ ligaments where it lies ___ (position) to the hepatic artery and common bile duct

hepatoduodenal posterior

the __ \_\_ (\_\_\_) vein is the most clinically important tributary to enter the portal vein. It drains blood from the ____ and the ....

left gastric (coronary( esophagus lesser curvature of the stomach

\_\_\_\_ ____ is a network of ___ nerves that unite two ___ \_\_\_ on the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

celiac plexus autonomic celiac ganglia

which vertebral level is the celiac plexus located at?

T12-L1

sympathetics enter the celiac plexus via ____ nerves and parasymps enter via the ____ nerve

greater and lesser splanchnic vagus

t/f there are visceral afferents traveling in all visceral plexuses?

definition of portal system

blo0d going through two capillary beds before returning to the heart

splenic vein receives blood from where 2

spleen and pancreas

the ___ vein travels across the abdomen just posterior to the upper border of the pancreas

splenic vein

The superior mesenteric veis drains what?

the intestines from the distal half of the duodenum to the left colic fixture

The inferior mesenteric vein carries blood from where (2) and empties where

the descending and sigmoid colon splenic vein

where does the splenic vein join the superior mesenteric?

behind the neck of the pancreas

portal vein is in which ligament

hepatoduodenal

greater and lesser splanchnic nerves are pre/post ganglionic

pre

quadrate is anterior or posterior/

caudate is is anterior or posterior/

posterior

liver has how many segments

draw stomach label fundus, cardia, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, and duodenum

page 37 of ibook

bony landmarks that define the abdomen superiorly

xiphoid, costal margin, ribs 11 &12,

posterior border of the abdomen is defined by

the lumbar vertebrae

inferior border of the abdomen is defined by

bondy pelvis linea terminalis/ lateral edge of pelvic inlet

3 bones that form the pelvis

ilium, ischium, and pubis

label pectineal line, aruate line, sacral promontory, pubic crest, pubic symphysis

ASIS stands for

anterior superior iliac spine

pectineal line is on which bone arcuate line is on whih bone?

pubis ilium

umbilicus is usually found at what vertebral level?

L3/L4

which dermatome is found by the umbilicus?

T10

midline tendinous structure that forms medial border of rectus sheath

linea alba

lateral border of rectus sheath

semilunar line

where is McBurney's point

2/3 of the way along the line from ASIS to umbilicus

What is the fatty later of superficial fascia in the abdomen called?

Camper's

What is the membranous later of superficial fascia in the abdomen called?

Scarpa's

2 layers of superficial fascia

Camper's and Scarpa's

which layer of superficial fascia extends over the perineal region, but not over the thigh

Scarpa's

What are the three "layered"/flank muscles

external and internal oblique and transverse abdominis

which muscle forms the inguinal ligament?

external oblique

portions of hte internal oblique and transversus abdominis arise from the ...

inguinal ligament

transversus abdominis originates from which fraction of the inguinal ligament?

lateral 1/3

interal oblique originates from which fraction of the inguinal ligament?

lateral 2/3

is there a larger gap between the inguinal ligmanet and transversus abdominis or inernal oblique?

transversus abdominis

superior to the acrucate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sdheath is comprised of.....and the posterior layer is comprised of..... Inferior to the acruate line, the anterior layer of hte rectus sheath is comprised of...and the posterior layer is comprised of

external oblique and 1/2 of internal oblique 1/2 of internal oblique and transversus abdominis all 3 muscles transversalis fascia

transversalis fascia overlies

parietal peritoneum

abdominal muscles relax/contract during inspiration

relax

innervation of the skina nd muscles of the abodminal wall is providd by

ventral rami of t7-11, t12 (subcostal) and L1

what are the two branches of hte ventral ramus of L1

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

t7 determatome is found where? t10 T12 is found where L1 is found wehre

xiphoid umbilicus suprapubic medial thigh and genitalia

describe branching of arteries after coming off of the abdominal aorta--bifurcation

common iliac gives off internal iliac external iliac continues and one it is in the thigh it is called the femoral artery

2 major sources of blood supply to the abdominal wall

aorta and epigastric arteries

which part of the abdominal wall do the branches of the descending aorta mainly supply

layered muscles

rectus mucles get their primary blood supply from

epigastric arteries

positional relationship of epigastric arteries and rectus mucles

posterior

superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the ____ artery and it enters on the (superior/inferior) aspect of the rectus sehath inferior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the ____ artery and it enters on the (superior/inferior) aspect of the rectus sehath

internal thoracic superior external iliac inferior

describe drainage of the abdominal wall

2 sets of veins superficical and deep superficial are the thoracoepigastric veins deep veins have the same names as the arteries

superficial veins of hte abdominal wall drains what and empties into where (3)

superficial fascia empties into axillary veins, femoral veins, and paraumbilical

deep veins of abdominal veins drain what empty into where (5)

msucles and deep tissue subclavian, external iliac, femoral, IVC, azygos

lymphatics of abdominal wall follow the .... --upper half drain into nodes in the ... lower half drains into nodes in the

veins axilla groin

umbilical arteries arise form the __ arteries

internal iliac

what forms the medial umbilical folds

umbilical arteries

what forms the median umbilical folds?

urachus

waht is the urachus?

remnant of the allantois which was a sac to the rudimentary bladder

what produces the lateral umbilical folds

inferior epigastric folds

umbilicus is found at which vertebral level?

L3-4

inferior portion of the inguinal canal is formed by the \_\_\_\_ superior portion of the inguinal canal is formed by the ___ and \_\_\_ the anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the ____ oblique teh posterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the\_\_\_, ___ and \_\_\_\_

inguinal ligament internal oblique and transversus abdominus external oblique transversalis fascia , interal oblique and trasversus abdominus

deep inguinal ring is through the \_\_\_ superficial inguinal ring is through the\_\_\_

transversalis fascia external oblique

covering of spermatic cord from deep to superficial

transversali fascia internal oblique external oblique

which layer of spermatic cord covering does the cermasteric muscle come from

interal oblique

superficial ring lies where in relation to the inguinal ligament

superior

7 structures in the spermatic cord

vas def testicular artery artery o the vas pampiniform plexus processus vaginalis nerves lymphatics

lateral to the rectus abdominis name the 8 layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep

skin camper's fascia Scarpha's fascia deep fascia external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominus tranversalis fascia

draw Hesselbach's triangle

indirect herias happen (inferior/lateral) to epigastric vessels

lateral

direct herias happen (inferior/lateral) to epigastric vessels

inferior

t/f the testis enter the processus vaginalis

f they travel posterior to it

processus vaginalis becomes

tunica vaginalis

processus vaginalis derives from what

outpouching of peritoneal cavity

the ____ (position) layer of the tunica covers testis as visceral the \_\_-\_\_\_\_ (position) of the tunica becomes the parietal

posterior anterolateral

healthy proeduction of spermatozoa reques a temperature above/below body temp

below

dartos fascia is associated w/ what structure

scrotum

blood supply of testes originates from where

aorta

lymph from testies drains to

lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes

scrotal lymph empties into

superficial inguinal lymp nodes

testies originate from which trilaminar layer and which specific part of this layer

intermediate mesoderm

tunica albuginea is applied to which layer of tunica vag?

visceral

greater omentum is made up of what

fatty fold of peritoneum

which is the shortest part of the small intestines

duodenum

common bile and pancreatic duct drain into

2nd or descending portion of the duodenum

how does the duodenum travel starting with the 2nd portion

2nd portion is descending, the 3rd portion of hte duodeum travels horizontally to the left,a nd the 4th portion ascends to meet with the hehunum

suspensory ligament of the duodeumom is called

ligament of Treitz

blood supply of the first portion of the duodenum 2

celiac axis via gastroduodenal and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

blood supply of duodenum distal to hepatoduodenal ligament 2

SMA and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

longest portion of the long intestines is

jejunum

which has more arcades the jejunum or the ileum

ileum

which has longer vasa recta the jejunum or the ileum

jejunum

the gutter \_\_\_\_(direction) to the (ascending/descending) colon will not drain directly into the pelvic cagity becuase there is small bowel mesentary

medial ascending

which portion of the GI tract is the most inferior and goes into the pelvic cavity

ileum

The efferent (motor) supply tot he small intestine is

autonomic

sympathetics to the small intestines are pre/post ganglionic

preganglionic

which nerves does the sympathteic innervation to the small intestines travel in?

thoracic splanchinic nerves

in what structures do the thoracic splanchnic nerves synapes and where are these structures

preaortic ganglia around the celiac axis and SMA

parasympathetics to the small intestine travel in which nerve

vagus nerve CNX

three longitudinal muscle bands

taeniae coli

outpouching of colon

haustra

does the cecum have a mesentary / is it retroperitoneal

no and no

transition from midgut to hindgut occurs where

distal transverse colon proximal to the splenic flexure

what is the blood supply of the hind gut

IMA

what is the parqasympathetic nerve supply of the hind gut

pelvic splanchnic

pelvic splanchnics come from which vertebral levels

S2-s4

are sympathetics of the hindgut pre/post ganglionic

post

Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetics to the hindgut

inferior mesenteric ganglia

what are the branches of the SMA that supply the colon?

ileocolic right colic middle colic

what are the branches of the IMA that supply the colon?

left colic and sigmoid arteries

draw relatiion ship between AORTA, SMA, Left Rneal Vein, Duodenum , and jejunum

page 55 slide 2 of iBook

t/f rectum doesn't have taeniae coli

Aorta is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primarily retroperitoneal

Iliac artereis are Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primary

IVC is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primarily

adrenal glands are Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primary

Kidneys are Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primarily

Ureters are Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

primarily

rectum is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

subperitoneal/ primarily

distal duodenum is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

secondarily

pancreas is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

secondarily

ascending/ descending colon is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

secondarily

distal esophagus is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

intra

1st portion of duodenum is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

intra

cecum is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

intra

sigmoid colon is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

intra

urinary bladder is Primarily Retroperitoneral, secondarily Retroperitoneal Intraperioneal

neither properitoneal

which branch of the SMA supplies the transverse colon

middle colic

descending colon is supplied by which branch of the IMA

left colic

skeletal muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

psoas major and minor iliacus quadratus lumborum diaphragm

psoas major origiantes from

lumbar vertebrae

psoas major inserts on

lesser trochanter of the femur

iliacus inserts on

lesser trochanter of the femur

quadratus lumborum origiatntes where

12th rib and transverse processes of hte lumbar vertebrae

quadratus lumborum inserts where

iliac crest

function of the quadratus lumborum . 3

flexes spine latearlly stabilizes 12th rib and diaphragm

diaphragm originates from what 3 places

xiphoid, ribs, lumbar vertebrae

what are crura

parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae

Bochdalek hernia is more common on right or left side

left

what passes through the median arcuate ligament?

aorta

what passes through the medial arcuate ligament?

psoas major

what passes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

quadratus lumborum

thoracic splanchnic nerves pass through where in the diaphragm

crura

veins of hte azygos pass through where in the diaphragm

crura

sympathetic pass through where in the diaphragm

posterior to the medial arcuate ligmanets

3 sources of blood supply for the diaphgram

pericardiophrenic, muscolophrenic (branches of internal thoracic) inferor phrenic arteries of the aorta

phrenic nerves supplies which two types of inneration to which area of the diaphgram

motor and sensory

sensory innervation of the periphery of the diaphragm is provided by what?

segmental intercostal nerves of T6-T12

label renal hilum renal sinus renal cortex renal medulla renal columns renal pyraminds renal papillae minor calyces major calyces renal pelvis

renal arteries arise at which vertebral level and what is the positional relationship to the SMA

L1 posterior

b/w the IVC and the aorta what is on the right, what is on the left

Aorta is on the left IVC is on the right

at renal hilum in terms of position what is relationship b/w renal vein, artery, and renal pelvis

from anterior to posterior : renal vein renal alartery renal pelvis

left renal veins empties where right vein enters where

directly into IVC into IVC after taking a route posterior to the descending duodenum

kidneys extend from which vertebral levels?

T12-L3

relationship b/w kidneys and diaphragms superiorlily

kidneys anterior

what is Morison's pouch

hepatorenal fossa

layers of fat/fascia around kidney from superficial to deep

pararenal fat renal fascia perirenal fat renal fibrous capsule

important point about renal arteries

they are end arteries so they don't anastomose

the adrenal cortex i derived from\_\_\_\_\_ and secretes \_\_\_\_\_

mesoderm corticosteroids

the medulla is derived from... and secretes _ and \_

neural crest catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine)

3 arteries of adrenal capsule and artery from which they branch

inferior phrenic--superior suprarenal aorta- Middle suprarenal renal artery- inferior suprarental

vein that drains each adrenal gland

right adrenal gland- IVC left adrenal gland- left renal vein

3 places where the ureter is constricted

ureteropelvic junection pelvic brim uretovesical junction

ureter crosses which branch of illac vessels

common

what is the medical term for kidney stone

ureteral calculus

the aorta has how many viscerl and pariteal branches

6 and 3

branches off hte aorta are put into groups based off what position they comm off the aorta

ventral lateral dorsal terminal

ventral branches off the aorta supply blood to what

viscera

what are the three ventral branches of the aorta

celiac SMA IMA

What are the 4 lateral branches of the aorta and are they parietal or visceral

inferior phrenic--parietal middle suprarenal--vsiceral renal--visceral ovarian/testicular--visceral

what are the dorsal branches of the abdominal aorta

lumbar artesr L1-L4 median sacral L4

What are the terminal branches of the aorta

common iliacs L4

6 tributaries of the IVC

lumbar R testicular/ovarian renal R suprarenal hepatic inferior phrenic

describe deep collateral ciruclation of the abdominal wall

segmental lumbar which drains into ascending lumbar which become azygos and hemi az which drains into SVC

2 ducts that lymp drains to

right lymphatic or thoracic

abdominal foregut drains into which nodes

celiac

lymph from midgut drains where

super mesenteric

hindgut drains to where

inferior mesenteric

primary retroperitoneal organs and structures of the genitourinary tract draisn where

right and left lumbar nodes that are along hte aorta and IVC

where does the sympathetic chain enter the abdomen

medial arcuate ligament

4 branches of of lumbar plexus that innervate structures in the abdomen

iliohypogastric ilioinguinal genitofemoral muscular

lumboscral trunk receive contributions from ventral rami from which vertebral levels

`L4 amd :5

iliohypogastric innervates what

layered muscles of the abodominal wall and skin hte lower abdomen

ilioinguinal innervates what

layered muscles of abdominal wall skin of the medial thigh and superior portion of the scrotum/labia

genitofemoral innervates what

cremaster muscle skin of anterior scrotum/labia

2 branches of the external iliac

inferior epigastric deep circumflex

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(245 cards)