Quiz 5

Question 1

Many enzymes act as ______, designed to speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction

Answer 1

catalysts

Question 2

Free energy can perform _____

Answer 2

work

Question 3

the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water

Answer 3

hydrolysis

Question 4

The _____ (3º) structure of a protein is made up of multiple secondary structures whose side chains interact with each other to form a specific geometric shape.

Answer 4

tertiary

Question 5

Anything that changes the 3º structure at the active site of the enzymes will affect the ability of that enzyme to function

Answer 5

denaturalization

Question 6

Every enzyme functions best at an optimum __, and less well within a range on either side of it.

Answer 6

pH

Question 7

What is the objective 6-1?

Answer 7

To describe the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes

Question 8

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

DNA is made up of 4 bases which are

Answer 9

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Question 10

Adenine binds with

Answer 10

thymine

Question 11

Guanine binds with

Answer 11

cytosine

Question 12

What is also bound to the bases of DNA

Answer 12

a phosphate and a sugar

Question 13

Who proposed the structure of DNA to be a double Helix

Answer 13

Watson and Crick

Question 14

how long is a DNA molecule?

Answer 14

about 1.7 meters long

Question 15

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

Answer 16

histones

Question 17

a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

Answer 17

nucleosome

Question 18

the material of which the chromosomes of eukaryotes are composed

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 19

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 19

chromosome

Question 20

Physical process of breaking up the tissues to release cells. We will use a mortar and pestle to grind the calf liver in liquid nitrogen

Answer 20

homogenizing

Question 21

Chemical process of breaking cells open to expose nuclear DNA using the lysis buffer

Answer 21

cell lysis

Question 22

DNA will separate from the lysis buffer with ethanol

Answer 22

DNA precipitation

Question 23

Store the isolated DNA in TE buffer

Answer 23

DNA storage

Question 24

What factors effect enzymes?

Answer 24

Temperature

pH

Question 25

What do nucleases need?

Answer 25

Optimum temperature Optimum pH Mg2+ or Mn2+ cations as cofactors to cut DNA

Question 26

positively charged ion (cation) that has a net positive charge of +2 (divalent).

Answer 26

divalent cation

Question 27

an inorganic ion necessary for an enzyme to function

Answer 27

cofactor

Question 28

works by binding divalent cations

Answer 28

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid