Quiz 5-Emotional Behaviors

Question 1

How researchers define and emotion

Answer 1

• Emotions have cognitions, feelings, actions, and physiological changes
• Physiological arousal, expressive behavior in body, face, and voice, and a cognitive interpretation

Question 2

James Lange Theory

Answer 2

• Autonomic arousal and skeletal action occur first in an emotion
o Emotion that is felt is its label
• Physiological arousal is the same regardless of influence
o Context causes different emotion
 Wedding same as bear

Question 3

Facial feedback theory

Answer 3

• How face is arranged contributes to how your feeling is expressed
o Pencil in the mouth while reading a comic made the comic funnier

Question 4

Brain areas involved in emotion

Answer 4

• Cortex (frontal/temporal) (happiness/anger)
o Damage=can’t determine WHY because can’t predict the outcome of decision
• Insula (disgust)
• Amygdala (fear)

Question 5

Emotional arousal and moral decisions, neural mechanisms, and experimental evidence

Answer 5

• Prefrontal cortex/cingulate gyrus
• Empathy identifying the person whose death you might cause
• Trolley and lifeboat dilemmas

Question 6

Violence/Aggressive Behavior

Answer 6

• Low MAOA=Possible aggression (ONLY when parents fought, or child was abused)

Question 7

Fear conditioning in rodents

Answer 7

• Conditioned fear paradigm (behaviorism, 1950s)-stimulus with shock
• Skinner Box
o Push lever, shock produced, rat freezes
o Push lever, no shock produced, rat still freezes
• Neural mechanisms
o Amygdala

Question 8

Amygdala lesion in humans

Answer 8

• Urbach-Wiethe disease
o Calcium accumulates in amygdala until it wastes away
o Exhibit fearlessness
o Fail to recognize emotion expressions in faces (fear or disgust especially)

Question 9

Benzodiazepines and anxiety relief

Answer 9

• At the center of the GABAA receptor is a chloride channel and when open, chloride ions cross into the neuron, hyperpolarizing the cell/counteracting sodium entering the cell. Benzodiazepines bind to sites sensitive to GABA and when it attaches, it neither opens nor closes the chloride channel but twists the chloride channel so GABA binds more easily, facilitating the effects of GABA

Question 10

Two stress systems

Answer 10

• Sympathetic nervous system
o
• HPA (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex)

Question 11

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 11

• The ways in which experiences alter the immune system and how the immune system influences the central nervous system

Question 12

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 12

•	Symptoms
o	Flashback of an event, avoidance of reminders, intense reactions to noises and other stimuli
•	Experimental findings
o	Smaller than average hippocampus
	Rate experiences as more stressful
o	Amygdala damage=No PTSD
•	Treatment
o	Benzodiazepines