Quiz 5 Transport of O2 and CO2

Question 1

Rate of CO2 production by cells

Answer 1

200 mL/min

Question 2

Metabolic arteriovenous CO2 difference

Answer 2

40 mL/L

Question 3

Metabolic arteriovenous O2 difference

Answer 3

50 mL/L

Question 4

Rate of O2 use by cells

Answer 4

250 mL/min

Question 5

Tissue PCO2

Answer 5

> 50 mmHg

Question 6

Tissue PO2

Answer 6

> 10 mmHg

Question 7

hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 7

inadequate O2 uptake in lungs

Question 8

stagnant (ischemic) hypoxia

Answer 8

inadequate blood flow to an organ (arteriosclerosis, PVD, stroke, MI, bowel infarct)

Question 9

anemic hypoxia

Answer 9

inadequate blood o2 carrying capacity

inactivated hemoglobin

Question 10

histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 10

interference with mitochondrial respiration (like cyanide poisoning)

tissues have O2, but can’t use it

Question 11

Normal Hb concentration?

Answer 11

15 g/dL

Question 12

RBC carry ___ times more O2 than plasma

Answer 12

65

97% carried via Hbg
3% carried in plasma

Question 13

How many subunits (or heme groups) does Hb have?

Answer 13

4 subunits= α2β2

4 subunits = 2 alpha + 2 beta

Question 14

Amount of oxygen each gm of Hb can carry?

Answer 14

1.31 mL O2*

Question 15

What shape is the HbO2 curve?

Answer 15

sigmoid

Question 16

The ratio of O2 bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound is

Answer 16

Oxygen Saturation

Question 17

Maximal amt of O2 bound to Hb is

Answer 17

Oxygen Capacity

Question 18

***What is the Hb P50 point?

Answer 18

PaO2 is 27 when sat is 50!!!

reference point for when hemoglobin is 50% saturated

Question 19

What is your PaO2 when the sat is 90

Answer 19

60

Question 20

What is your PaO2 when the sat is 50?

Answer 20

27!

Question 21

Rough rule for PaO2 to sat

Answer 21

40,50,60 for sat 70,80,90

Question 22

The higher the affinity, the ___ the saturation

Answer 22

higher

Question 23

The top of the curve represents

Answer 23

Oxygenated blood leaving the lungs

Question 24

The middle of the curve represents

Answer 24

Capillaries

Question 25

The starting point of the curve represents

Answer 25

Reduced blood returning from tissues

Question 26

The x axis on curve

Answer 26

PaO2= pressure of oxygen in blood (mmHg)

Question 27

The y axis on curve

Answer 27

Hb saturation % (SaO2)

Question 28

Carbon Monoxide has ___ times the affinity for Hb than O2

Answer 28

250 | pt in fire

Question 29

Nitric Oxide binds to Hb _____ times more strongly than O2

Answer 29

200,000 | binds irreversibly

Question 30

What is NO used for

Answer 30

to treat pulmonary hypertension

Question 31

As PaO2 in the tissues decreases, the __ affinity Hb has for it, so...

Answer 31

less, so O2 is dumped in the tissues

Question 32

Left shift =

Answer 32

lock on/ hold on ↑ affinity for O2 ↑ sat, but O2 bound

Question 33

Right shift =

Answer 33

release ↓ affinity for O2 ↓ sat, but tissues receive more O2

Question 34

which way does alkalosis shift the curve

Answer 34

left

Question 35

which way does acidosis shift the curve

Answer 35

right

Question 36

which way does hyperthermia shift the curve

Answer 36

right

Question 37

which way does hypothermia shift the curve

Answer 37

left

Question 38

which way does increased 2,3, DPG shift the curve

Answer 38

right

Question 39

Which way does carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin shift the curve?

Answer 39

left = ↑ affinity

Question 40

which way does increased H+ shift the curve

Answer 40

right

Question 41

which way does increased PCO2 shift the curve

Answer 41

right

Question 42

Bohr effect

Answer 42

Shift to the Right and Down: ↑CO2 in blood=> O2 Hb displacement= ↓O2 affinity = ↑ O2 transport to tissues It's the cells way of asking Hb to release O2 to support aerobic metabolism like in tissues

Question 43

PRBC's in the package shift the curve

Answer 43

left... because cold and ↓ 2,3 DPG (a salt that releases O2 from Hb)

Question 44

Myoglobin has ___ affinity for O2, and this causes a shift to the ____ What is myoglobin?

Answer 44

increased, left Myoglobin is found in skeletal muscle cells to store O2 temporarily

Question 45

Fetal blood causes a shift

Answer 45

left

Question 46

O2 content in blood (CaO2) is the sum of

Answer 46

O2 carried on Hb and dissolved in plasma | mL/dL

Question 47

Shift up is caused by

Answer 47

↑ O2 capacity

Question 48

Shift down is caused by

Answer 48

↓ O2 capacity - anemia or something binding Hb up

Question 49

What are the 3 ways CO2 is transported by blood

Answer 49

1) Dissolved directly in blood 2) Bicarb-/ H+ & Carbonic acid 3) Bound to Hb and plasma proteins

Question 50

What is the MAIN way CO2 is transported?

Answer 50

HCO3-bicarb! = 70% the bicarbonate buffer system

Question 51

Venous blood transports ___ CO2 than arterial blood

Answer 51

more

Question 52

Haldane effect

Answer 52

↑O2 Hb binding => CO2 displacement => ↑CO2 transport to lungs

Question 53

The reaction that converts CO2 to HCO3- and H+ ions requires

Answer 53

the enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Question 54

Mixed venous blood in pulm artery sat and pa02

Answer 54

75% PaO2 40

Question 55

Venous Hb affinity shift

Answer 55

PO2 of 70 mmHg = Shift to the Right =↓ O2 affinity | Bohr effect = ↑ in H+ = ↓ Hb's affinity for O2 = ↑ delivery of O2 to tissues

Question 56

CaO2 formula

Answer 56

(SO2 x Hb x 1.31) + (PO2 x 0.003)

Question 57

DO2 (oxygen delivery)=

Answer 57

=CaO2 x CO

Question 58

Ability to bind with CO2 is ___ in deoxygenated Hb

Answer 58

increased

Question 59

The presence of HB in normal arterial blood increase its oxygen concentration approx how many times?

Answer 59

70

Question 60

severe anemia with normal lugs, you'd expect

Answer 60

↓ oxygen concentration of mixed venous blood

Question 61

In carbon monoxide poisoning you'd expect

Answer 61

- ↓ oxygen concentration of mixed venous blood because carbon monoxide has 250 X affinity for Hg - could have a normal SpO2 (just means Hb is saturated with x % of molecules, does not mean it's oxygen)

Question 62

How much O2 is carried in the plasma?

Answer 62

0.003mL O2 per 100mL plasma* | 3% in plasma other 97% is carried via hemoglobin

Question 63

What is methemoglobinemia and is there an antidote?

Answer 63

Blood disorder where an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced and reduces Hg's ability to release oxygen to tissues Antidote= Methylene blue

Question 64

What causes methemoglobinemia?

Answer 64

- Antibiotics: dapsone - Anesthetics: benzocaine, lidocaine, procaine, prilocaine - Analgesic: Tylenol - Antimalarials - Anticancer drugs - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside and more..

Question 65

Dissolved CO2 in plasma

Answer 65

0.76 mmol per 1L whole blood