quiz 6

Question 1

carbohydrate

Answer 1

the body’s main source of energy; made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

monosaccarides

Answer 2

simple carbohydrates; includes glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 3

disaccarides

Answer 3

combined monosaccharides that form sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Question 4

polysaccarides

Answer 4

complex carbohydrates that includes starches, fibers, and glycogen

Question 5

protein

Answer 5

built from long chains of amino acids joined together through amide linkages

Question 6

polypeptide

Answer 6

short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 7

amino acid

Answer 7

small molecules that are the building blocks for proteins

Question 8

lipid

Answer 8

group of organic compounds; includes waxes, fats, fat-soluble vitamins, etc.

Question 9

triglyceride

Answer 9

type of lipid found in your blood

Question 10

saturated fats

Answer 10

has zero double bonds in its carbon chain, tend to be solid at room temperature

Question 11

unsaturated fats

Answer 11

at least one double bond in its carbon chain, tends to be liquid at room temperature, generally healthier for you

Question 12

glycerol

Answer 12

odorless liquid lipid that is used as a solvent and allows for ATP production

Question 13

fatty acids

Answer 13

the building blocks of fat in the body

Question 14

cholesterol

Answer 14

waxy substance found throughout the body; it is not bad unless you have too much of it; is an unsaturated fat and apart of the steroid family

Question 15

steroid molecule

Answer 15

any group of lipids that have a certain chemical structure being 17 carbon atoms arranged into 4 rings

Question 16

nucleic acids

Answer 16

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

Question 17

DNA

Answer 17

the DNA sequence of a gene determines the amino acid for the protein it encodes

Question 18

RNA

Answer 18

makes proteins using amino acids

Question 19

Nucleotide

Answer 19

organic molecules that are composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

all enzymes are proteins and they speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 21

salivary amylase

Answer 21

a glucose-polymer cleavage enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands

Question 22

autoimmune disease

Answer 22

a disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells

Question 23

systemic lumps

Answer 23

autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues causing widespread inflammation

Question 24

type 1 diabetes

Answer 24

no clear cause, its where the body produces little to no insulin which leads to high blood sugar levels

Question 25

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

autoimmune disease that causes inflammation effecting joints in the hands and feet

Question 26

graves' disease

Answer 26

disorder of the immune system that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone

Question 27

AIDS-HIV

Answer 27

sexually transmitted; if not treated HIV leads to AIDs and causes the immune system to not be able to fight diseases

Question 28

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 28

cancer that causes lesions in the soft tissues

Question 29

pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 29

a fungal infection in one or both lungs; common in people with weak immune systems such as people with AIDS

Question 30

ABO blood group

Answer 30

a system used to group human blood into different types, based on presence or absence of certain markers on the surface of red blood cells

Question 31

Histocompatibility complex

Answer 31

group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances