QUIZ 6 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
Bronchitis may result from viral or respiratory infections (producing fever).
This upper airway infection may
1. Increase in breathing rate (tachypnea),
2. Difficulty breathing at rest, and chest tightness due to mucus accumulation in the bronchial tubes;
3. Productive cough with thick, yellow mucus.
4 bronchitis does not usually display rales or rhonchi or experience severely impaired gas exchange/altered pulse oximetry.
Pneumonia”
Severe lung inflammation causes the alveoli to fill with mucus, fluid, and debris.
Eventually, these changes lead to impaired gas exchange, resulting in hypoxia.
Manifestations include
1. Fever due to infection
2. Productive cough with yellow sputum (from mucus-filled alveoli)
3. Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
4. Chest tightness
5. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) due to impaired gas exchange
6. Abnormal breath sounds (rales and rhonchi due to accumulation of mucus, fluid and debris in the lungs)
Diaphragmatic breathing
chronic respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma
Drug Diversion
the abuse, illegal distribution, or use of prescription medications for purposes not intended by the prescribing health care provider.
Findings that support drug diversion include the following:
Disposing of or wasting controlled substances without a witness
and disposing of or wasting controlled substances without another nurse as a cosigner within the automated dispensing system.
Additionally, frequent bathroom breaks at work are an additional symptom associated with drug diversion, as the employee may be using controlled substances in the bathroom.
Behavioral Impairment”
Substance use disorder (SUD) can be behavioral or physical.
EX : leaving work before the end of the shift and frequent absences
The nurse manager develops a unit specific policy to address substance use disorder (SUD) in the clinical setting. What should be included in the SUD policy?
- The maintenance of confidentiality.
- A process for auditing medication records.
- The use of a fitness for duty evaluation tool.
- A procedure to report suspected impairment.
The nurse manager notices a staff nurse appears to be impaired while on duty. Which action should the nurse manager implement?
- Remove the nurse from the unit.
- Inform the nurse that a drug screening is required.
- Evaluate the nurse’s need for emergency treatment.
Seborrheic Dermatitis”
Rash behind the ears and at the nape of the neck.
Seborrheic dermatitis rash is diffusely present on the scalp, including behind the ears and at the nape of the neck. This condition is rarely itchy, but lesions are typically greasy and scaly, and sores are uncommon.
With seborrheic dermatitis, the client has a potential association with the history of tree nut allergy. Seborrheic dermatitis occurs in response to immune reactions or allergies, so it could be precipitated by the response to an allergen (tree nut allergy)
Gout
very painful condition in which high levels of uric acid in the blood create uric acid crystals that lodge in the joints (most commonly, the great toe)
symptoms of gout
- Severe pain, tenderness, and redness of joints.
- Pain occurs suddenly, more commonly at night..
Treatment for acute gout attacks
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain
teaching the client about prevention of future gout attacks,
Dietary changes (low purine foods), exercise, and limiting alcohol intake are important. Preventative medication may also be used to prevent gout attacks.
Allopurinol
gout to help reduce the amount of uric acid the body manufactures.
Due to the drowsiness that occurs with allopurinol, taking at night is also advisable. Allopurinol has a high risk of the side effect of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). It can begin with a rash, blisters, and peeling of the skin then become fatal. Any rash should be reported immediately.
Colchicine
An anti-inflammatory medication that is very effective in reducing gout pain in clients.
Avoid intake of grapefruit while taking colchicine since it can cause the medication to build up in the body and cause rhabdomyolysis.
Colchicine should be taken every two hours until the gout pain is relieved.
Probenecid
for clients with gout to help the kidneys rid the body of uric acid. Therefore, the client should be taught to increase water intake to at least 64 ounces daily.
Preterm labor
refers to a labor that begins too early–between 20 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. Preterm labor is characterized by cervical changes (dilation or effacement). Preterm labor is the number one cause of neonatal mortality, because immature organs have not developed enough, leading to complications.
Risk factors OF Preterm labor
1 A distended uterus from large babies
2 or too much amniotic fluid;
3 disorders like diabetes mellitus,
4 eclampsia,
5 heart disease,
6 anemia;
7 infection
; 8 placental abruption
;9 and stress..
signs and symptoms of preterm labor,
- Rupture of membranes at 20-37 weeks,
- Low back pain,
- Pelvic pressure,
- Contractions occurring every 10 minutes or less.
Interventions for preterm labor
- Activity restriction
- Tocolytics
- Antibiotics
- Steroids to enhance fetal lung maturity
Neonatal Hypoglycemia”
Premature neonates are at increased risk for hypoglycemia after birth because they have lower glycogen stores and deplete them more quickly.
Additionally, a maternal diagnosis of GDM is also a risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia because the neonate’s glucose supply via the umbilical cord is immediately interrupted while neonatal insulin levels are still elevated, resulting in hypoglycemia.
FHR tracings that are indicative of perinatal stress increase the risk of hyperinsulinism and resultant hypoglycemia in the neonatal period because anaerobic metabolism is used to maintain blood glucose concentrations.
“RDS” neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Preterm birth increases the risk for neonatal RDS due to insufficient surfactant in the lungs.
Maternal GDM is associated with fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which disrupts normal surfactant synthesis and function, leading to surfactant inadequacy and clinical RDS in neonates.
Fetal distress during labor and childbirth is also a risk factor for neonatal RDS, as perinatal asphyxia decreases the synthesis and release of surfactant. The fetal lie and station are not favorable for a vaginal birth which can also increase the risk for neonatal RDS due to an inability to absorb fluid in the lungs before birth.
autonomic dysreflexia (AD)
a spinal cord injury, when a noxious stimulus occurs below the level of spinal cord injury, the parasympathetic response is blocked at the level of spinal cord injury. As a result, nasal congestion and flushing and diaphoresis are present above the injury and bradycardia occurs. Below the level of injury, vasoconstriction occurs, leading to hypertension.
Hyperthyroidism
An endocrine condition that causes increased levels of thyroid hormones.
This condition results in manifestations that are caused by increased metabolism and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation.
Hyperthyroidism results from high T3 and T4 and promotes high/hyper energy. Graves disease is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism. Manifestations include hypertension (high blood pressure), exophthalmos (“grape eyes”), heat intolerance, weight loss and goiter.
