quiz #6 - ankle

Question 1

hindfoot - joints

Answer 1

-distal tibiofibular
-talocrural (mortise/ankle)
-subtalar (talocalcaneal)

Question 2

midfoot - joints

Answer 2

-talocalcaneonavicular
-cuboideonavicular
-calcaneocuboid
-distal intertarsals
(intercuneiform, cuneonavicular, cuneocuboid)

Question 3

forefoot - joints

Answer 3

-tarsometatarsal
-intermetatarsal
-metatarsophalangeal
-interphalangeal

Question 4

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint (review)

Answer 4

fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial

-articular area on inferior end of fibula with facet on inferior end of tibia

ligaments: interosseous membrane (lower), anterior & posterior inferior tibiofibular

gliding

Question 5

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: type & movements

Answer 5

synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Question 6

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 6

inferior articular & medial malleolar surfaces of tibia

lateral malleolar articular surface of fibula

trochlea of talus

Question 7

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: ligaments

Answer 7

-fibrous capsule
-medial collateral (deltoid) ligament (posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar)
-lateral collateral (anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular)

Question 8

what is the “deltoid” ligament also known as?

Answer 8

medial collateral ligament

Question 9

medial collateral (deltoid) ligament - talocrural
*“tibio” first

Answer 9

-posterior tibiotalar
-tibiocalcaneal
-tibionavicular
-anterior tibiotalar

Question 10

lateral collateral ligament - talocrural
*bone & “fibular” second

Answer 10

-anterior talofibular
-posterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular

Question 11

which lateral collateral ligament is most commonly sprained & what is the mechanism of injury? (talocrural)

Answer 11

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

inversion ankle sprain

Question 12

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: loose packed position

Answer 12

10º plantar flexion, midway between eversion & inversion

Question 13

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: close packed position

Answer 13

maximum dorsiflexion

Question 14

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 14

plantar flexion first, then dorsiflexion

Question 15

dorsiflexion & plantar flexion - roll/ slide (talocrural)

Answer 15

dorsiflexion: roll = anterior, slide = posterior

plantar flexion: roll = posterior, slide = anterior

Question 16

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: type & movements

Answer 16

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial

gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion

Question 17

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 17

posterior, anterior & middle articular surface for calcaneus on talus

facets on superior surface of calcaneus

Question 18

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: ligaments

Answer 18

-fibrous capsule
-medial, lateral & posterior talocalcaneal

Question 19

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: loose packed position

Answer 19

midway between extremes of ROM

Question 20

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: close packed position

Answer 20

supination (inversion)

Question 21

subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 21

limited ROM

Question 22

talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: type & movements

Answer 22

synovial, both ball & socket, & plane, diarthrosis, multiaxial

gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion

Question 23

talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 23

facet on head of talus, facet on proximal side of navicular, anterior talar facet, middle talar facet, sustentaculum tali

Question 24

talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: ligaments

Answer 24

-fibrous capsule
-dorsal talonavicular
-plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
-calcaneonavicular portion of bifurcate ligament

Question 25

what is the "spring" ligament also known as?

Answer 25

plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 26

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: type & movements

Answer 26

synovial, saddle, diarthrosis, uniaxial gliding & rotation

Question 27

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 27

anterior articular surface of calcaneus, posterior articular surface of cuboid

Question 28

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: ligaments

Answer 28

-fibrous capsule -calcaneocuboid portion of bifurcate ligament -plantar calcaneocuboid/short plantar -long plantar ligament -dorsal calcaneocuboid

Question 29

2 main accessory ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 29

-short planater (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament -long plantar ligament

Question 30

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: loose packed position

Answer 30

midway between extremes of ROM

Question 31

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: close packed position

Answer 31

supination (inversion)

Question 32

calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 32

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation

Question 33

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: type & movements

Answer 33

fibrous, uniaxial gliding & rotation

Question 34

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 34

articular surface on lateral aspect of navicular, articular surface on posteromedial side of cuboid

Question 35

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: ligaments

Answer 35

-fibrous capsule -dorsal cuboideonavicular -interosseous cuboideonavicular -long plantar

Question 36

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: loose packed position

Answer 36

midway between extremes of ROM

Question 37

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: close packed position

Answer 37

supination (inversion)

Question 38

cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 38

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation

Question 39

distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: type & movements

Answer 39

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial gliding & rotation

Question 40

distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: articular surfaces

Answer 40

articular surface of navicular, cuboid, cuneiform, metatarsals

Question 41

distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: ligaments

Answer 41

-fibrous capsules -dorsal & plantar cuneonavicular -intercuneiform -cuneocuboid

Question 42

MIDFOOT - loose/ close packed position & capsular pattern of restriction (talocalcaneonavicular cuboideonavicular, calcaneocuboid distal Intertarsal)

Answer 42

loose: midway between extremes of ROM close: supination (inversion) capsular pattern: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation

Question 43

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: type & movements

Answer 43

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial gliding *links forefoot to rearfoot

Question 44

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces

Answer 44

articular surfaces of convex distal tarsals, & concave bases of metatarsals

Question 45

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: ligaments

Answer 45

-fibrous capsules -dorsal interosseous -long plantar -interosseous -Lisfranc ligament

Question 46

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: loose packed position

Answer 46

midway between extremes of ROM

Question 47

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: close packed position

Answer 47

supination (inversion)

Question 48

tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 48

NONE

Question 49

intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: type & movements

Answer 49

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial gliding

Question 50

intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces

Answer 50

adjacent surfaces of bases of metatarsals

Question 51

intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: ligaments

Answer 51

-fibrous capsules -dorsal, plantar, interosseous intermetatarsal -deep transverse metatarsal

Question 52

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: type & movements

Answer 52

synovial, condyloid, diarthrosis, biaxial flexion, extension, ADD, ABD

Question 53

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces

Answer 53

convex heads of metatarsals, concave bases of proximal phalanges

Question 54

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: ligaments

Answer 54

-fibrous capsule -medial collateral -lateral collateral

Question 55

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: loose packed position

Answer 55

10º extension

Question 56

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: close packed position

Answer 56

full extension

Question 57

metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 57

big toe: extension, flexion 2-5 toes: variable

Question 57

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: type & movements

Answer 57

synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial flexion, extension

Question 58

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces

Answer 58

heads of proximal phalanges, bases of distal phalanges

Question 59

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: ligaments

Answer 59

-fibrous capsule -medial collateral -lateral collateral

Question 60

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: loose packed position

Answer 60

slight flexion

Question 61

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: close packed position

Answer 61

full extension

Question 62

interphalangeal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 62

flexion, extension

Question 63

plantar fascia

Answer 63

flat, thick band of CT that connects calcaneal tuberosity to ligaments around heads of metatarsal bones supports arch on bottom of foot & is very strong

Question 64

plantar fasciitis

Answer 64

if plantar fascia is stretched/ overworked & becomes inflamed

Question 65

retinacula of ankle

Answer 65

retinaculum = band of thickened deep fascia occurs in region of body where tendon groups pass through, usually around joints function: stabilize & hold tendons in place

Question 66

3 retinacula of ankle

Answer 66

-superior & inferior extensor retinaculum -superior & inferior fibular retinaculum -flexor retinaculum

Question 67

superior & inferior extensor retinaculum

Answer 67

holds down extensor tendons

Question 68

superior & inferior fibular retinaculum

Answer 68

holds down fibular or peroneal tendons

Question 69

flexor retinaculum

Answer 69

holds down flexor tendons

Question 70

bursa

Answer 70

fluid filled sac, cushions & lubricates against friction between tendons & bones when moving against each other

Question 71

bursa of ankle - location

Answer 71

one main region that gets high friction & require bursa: between calcaneus & achilles tendon

Question 72

2 bursa between achilles tendon & calcaneus

Answer 72

superficial or subcutaneous calcaneal bursa deep or retrocalcaneal bursa