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AAA Marine Bio > Quiz 6- poriferans, cnidarians, annelids, molluscs > Flashcards

Quiz 6- poriferans, cnidarians, annelids, molluscs Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Use your understanding of poriferan biology to assemble a marine sponge, and identify the major cells, structures and forms.

A

pinacocytes
mesenchyme
archeocyte cells
choanocytes
flagellum and microvilli collar

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2
Q

pinacocytes

A

exterior “skin” cells of sponges- some become porocytes

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3
Q

mesenchyme

A

jelly-like middle layer of sponges
***made of archeocyte cells: move around in mesohyl- reproduce, transport + store food, secrete spicules

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4
Q

spicules

A

mesenchyme/ archeocyte cells called SCLEROCYTES secrete skeletal elements called spicules that can be made of CaCO3, silica, or spongin
variable shapes

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5
Q

choanocytes

A

in sponges
flagellum and microvilli collar
line inner layer of sponges
drive water movement in thru pores for filter feeding

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6
Q

Explain how water & nutrients move through, and are utilized by, poriferans.

A

water flows in thru porocytes + out thru osculum opening
brings in food + o2, removes wastes

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7
Q

3 major porifera body forms

A

ascon
sycon
leucon

all have pores, choanocytes, and at least one osculum

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8
Q

major difference btwn ascon + sycon sponges

A

sycon has folds called radial canals that are lined with choanocytes

ascon are simplest, LEAST common
porocytes called ostia

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9
Q

Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction in Poriferans.

A

most monoecious- (both sexes on 1 individual)
do NOT self fertilize bc eggs and sperm are ready at different times
sperm cell is a modified choanocyte- engulfed by a choanocyte on egg, fertilized, planktonic larva, settles/attaches to substrate + develops

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10
Q

leucon sponge

A

no spongocoel cavity
pores lead water thru choanocyte chambers
several osculi openings

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11
Q

four major classes of Cnidarians.

A

anthozoans
scyphozoans
cubazoans
hydrozoans

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12
Q

gen chars of cnidarians

A

nettles!
have 2 tissue layers:
epidermis and gastrodermis
mesoglea
radial symmetry
blind gut
well formed digestive system
often dioecious
nervous system

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13
Q

mesoglea

A

in cnidarians
jelly-like substance btwn 2 tissue layers (epidermis + gastrodermis)

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14
Q

cnidarian digestion

A

extracellular

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15
Q

dioecious

A

separate sexes
like cnidarians (generally)

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16
Q

cnidarian excretion

A

diffusion

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17
Q

cnidarian nervous system

A

network of nerve cells

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18
Q

major cnidarian stages

A

sessile polyp
stinging medusa

both have stinging cells + tentacles

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19
Q

anthozoans

A

anemones, corals, + sea fans
CARNIVOROUS
(may have symbiotic zooxanthellae)- supplement diet
no medusa stage
solitary or colonial
stony corals excrete calcium carbonate

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20
Q

anthozoan stages

A

polyps produce gametes that develop into swimming planular larvae that then settle + develop

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21
Q

scyphozoans

A

true jellies!
carnivorous
outside of body covered in sensory structures
move via muscle contraction (rings)

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22
Q

scyphozoan stages + life cycle

A

short benthic polyp stage, long planktonic stage
medusae shed gametes that develop into (planular) larvae then develop benthic stage
benthic stage undergoes STROBILATION

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23
Q

strobilation

A

in true jellies (scyphozoans)
during benthic stage
little developing ephyra pop off the end + swim off!
smaller ephyra develop into larger medusae

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24
Q

cubozoans

A

box jellies!!
carnivorous
well developed eyes
unusually strong swimmers compared to other cnidarians

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25
chironex fleckeri
australian box jelly/sea wasp weirdly do not develop benthic stages in reefs- only in estuaries of rivers on undersides of stones
26
cubozoan life cycle stages
benthic polyp stage, medusae
27
hydrozoans
simplest cnidarians benthic colony + medusa stages planktonic hydrozoa- eg: velella velella + portuguese man'o'war (spend most of life in medusa stage) also hydrozoans that spend most of their life in benthic stage
28
hydrozoan benthic colony stage
polymorphic- feeding and reproductive cells all attached to one another ***called gastrozooids and gonozooids
29
Explain how cnidocytes function, and be able to label their major structures (nematocysts, thread, barb, cnidocil).
nematocysts- actual stinging systems (organelles) barb holds thread cnidocil- hair-like projection
30
How does scyphozoan reproduction differ from hydrozoan reproduction?
scyphozoans have individual benthic polyps while hydrozoans have colonies hydrozoan colonies have specialized gastro- + gonozooids benthic scyphozoan polyps undergo strobilation both have medusae
31
annelids
segmented worms NOT including/discussing phyla of flatworms or roundworms bilateral symmetry 3 tissue layers complete gut body cavity can free burrow, live in substrate, on top of substrate, or construct tubes
32
3 major classes of annelids
polychaeta (we're focusing on these bc they're the best duh) oligochaeta (earthworms) hirudinea (leeches)
33
feeding types of annelids
carnivores, deposit feeders, suspension feeders (can be one or more of these)
34
infaunal vs epifaunal
referring to annelids living IN vs ON TOP OF substrate
35
body cavity in annelids
coelom
36
Describe the major biological and ecological characteristics of the Polychaetes.
have distinct segments w separate pairs of parapoida (containing setae) free + tube-living
37
setae
bristles attached to parapodia in polychaetes used for burrowing, swimming, crawling most have swimming larvae
38
bobbit worms
longest known polychaete ambush predator 5 antennae large mandibles no eyes, no brain
39
christmas tree worm
tube builders 2 bright crowns composed of hair-like radioles attached to a central spine- used for respiration + filter feeding sedentary- anchored in burrows bore into coral
40
How do siboglinids differ from typical polychaetes? Explain how they utilize symbiotic bacteria for nutrients. Important points - how is hydrogen sulfide used, where does it come from, how is it transported within the worm?
live in constructed tubes near hydrothermal vents (underwater volcanoes), whale falls, sunken plant material
41
riftia
siboglinids no mouth, gut, or anus symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria within their trophosome- depend entirely on these for their diet red plumes that absorb o2, hydrogen sulfide
42
Be able to differentiate between the processes of chemosynthesis and photosynthesis.
chemosynthesis co2 + h2s + o2 --> sugar + s + h20 photosynthesis co2 + h20 --> sugar + o2 energy for chemo reaction comes from interaction of oxygen + hydrogen sulfide
43
Osedax worms: Where are they primarily found? How and why do they bore into whale bones? What is their relationship with bacteria? How do they get oxygen? Explain how they differentiate into males vs females, and the roles of each.
- whale falls! - larvae travel on the current + develop when the right nutritional environment is found (when they land on whale falls) - feast on bone- unoccupied niche, arrive after all flesh has been eaten - acid bores into bone, symbiotic (chemosynthetic) bacteria help them digest the fat from the bone - o2 taken in from fan structure on the opposite end of the side that bores into the bone - males are basically parasites within females- larvae that land later or on top of others- never grow past larval stage
44
mollusca
mostly shelled (calcium carbonate)- shell often secteted from mantle complete gut 3 tissue layers coelom gill within mantle cavity used for respiration + feeding
45
mollusca feeding
suspension feeding thru gill in the mantle
46
major classes of the Phylum Mollusca.
cephalopoda scaphopoda gastropoda bivalvia monoplacophora polyplacophora
47
cephalopoda
phylum mollusca complex eyes carnivorous arms with suckers all have photophores that change color swim, but somewhat benthic ink
48
squid
feed on large fish to krill 8 arms lined w suckers 2 long tentacles hypnome beak
49
hypnome
in mantle of squid shoots out water to propel squid towards prey
50
giant + colossal squid
largest invertebrates can be over 50ft long omg colossal squid comparable in size but higher mass
51
octopus
beak 2 eyes soft bodies allow it to squeeze thru really tight spaces 8 appendages most intelligent invertebrates
52
chambered nautilus
ancient 2 pinhole eyes- only see light + dark perceive water depth, current speed + direction no suckers, but over 90 arms highly developed sense of smell use maneuverable siphon in mantle to propel water + push them in any direction
53
cuttlefish
internal shell aka cuttlebone
54
cephalopoda reproduction
males transfer spermatophore to female internal fertilization eggs free float or attach to substrate
55
photophores
in cephalopoda
56
scaphopoda
phylum mollusca tusk shells infaunal (buried in substrate) probe into sediment looking for small prey, radula brings them to mouth
57
gastropoda
phylum mollusca most have a cap-shaped cell torsion mouth with teeth (radula) that scrape against food (eg algae) flattened muscular foot
58
subclasses of gastropoda
caenogastropoda patellogastropoda vetigastropoda heterobranchia
59
caenogastropoda
subclass of gastropoda contains grazers, carnivores, filter feeders eg: periwinkle + moon snails, conches, cone snails
60
cone snails
caenogastropoda venomous + predatory some venoms can be fatal to humans use chitinous harpoon loaded with venom to capture to prey some venoms have a pain-reducing venom- medical uses (eg: ziconotide which is 1000x stronger than morphine!!!)
61
moon snails
caenogastropoda drills thru bivalves using radula (teeth) + acid use proboscis to scoop out insides of bivalves lay egg masses- "sand collars"
62
patellogastropoda
limpets! (true limpets) muscular foot to stick to rocks, use radula to scrape algae badasses that live in the intertidal zone
63
vetigastropoda
keyhole limpets + abalone- both have opening/"keyhole" that makes them different from true limpets
64
heterobranchia
nudibranchs!!!! also sea hares, pteropods no shells except sea hares that have an internal shell DETORSION- reverses torsion process
65
glaucus atlanticus
heterobranchs blue sea dragon pokemon! pelagic- float upside down, use gas-filled stomach sac eat portuguese man'o'war + velella + store nematocysts
66
leaf sheep
cute green heterobranchs 2 eyes + 2 rhinophores rhinophores used for sensing chemicals in the water capable of kleptoplasty
67
kleptoplasty
capability of leaf sheep retaining chloroplasts from their algae diet that are able to keep photosynthesizing- give the leaf sheep their green color
68
2 most common suborders of nudibranchs (heterobrachia)
aeolidacea doridacea
69
aeolidacea
nudibranch suborder cerrata on dorsal side- extension of digestive tract + used in respiration can store nematocysts form hydroids they eat
70
doridacea
nudibranch suborder single gill plume near anus
71
bivalvia
class phylum mollusca 2 valves hinged together by calcified feet mantle lines the valve muscular foot infaunal or epifaunal many use filter feeding byssal threads
72
crassotrea virginica
bivalve (oyster) important for filtering water + habitat for crabs, etc
73
monoplacophora
class phylum mollusca believed to be most similar to ancestral mollusks one cap shaped shell flattened foot radula
74
polyplacophora
class phylum mollusca oval-shaped, flattened, have 8 chitonous dorsal plates flattened foot that suctions to rocks radula- mostly feed on algae but sometimes graze on seaweed + small invertebrates
75
Understand the biological role of chromatophores, and which group of organisms is primarily known for having them.
in cephalopods, used for camouflage specialized pigment cells controlled neurally rapidly expand + contract via muscles

AAA Marine Bio (18 decks)

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