Quiz 6: Pulm_1 Flashcards
(46 cards)
If your pt has a cough, what are the different body systems that could be responsible?
Resp, GI (GERD), Renal (CRF), musculoskeletal (herpes zoster), cardiovascular (CHF), CNS (anxiety), endocrine (DM)
If a pt comes to you with respiratory symptoms, what two questions would you be sure to ask in your ROS?
Do you have a cough?
Do you have any difficulty breathing (dyspnea)?
What are other questions you would ask in your ROS of a pt with respiratory symptoms?
- Any concomitant symptoms
- Environmental exposures
- FHx (heredity conditions, shared exposures)
When asking about environmental exposures, what specific types of exposures are you concerned about?
Occupation, household chemicals, recent travel, areas of pollution, smoking, pets, hobbies, sleep environment, type of pillows, bedding, humidifier, heating (electric cleanest)
What are some common causes of coughs?
URI, Lung infx, GERD, 2nd hand smoke, Cystic fibrosis, Anxiety, Asthma, COPD, lung dz, smoking, air pollution, aspiration, CHF, chronic idiopathic cough
What are some questions you would ask in your Hx to investigate a cough?
- Duration
- Sudden or gradual
- What factors affect it
- Sputum (amount, color, quality)
What conditions are sometimes associated with clear sputum?
Allergy, COPD
What conditions are sometimes associated with yellow sputum?
Infection (live neutrophils)
Acute bronchitis, acute pneumonia
What conditions are sometimes associated with green sputum?
Chronic infection (dead neutrophils) Chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, CF
What conditions are sometimes associated with brown/black/rust sputum?
“old blood”
Chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia, TB, lung CA
What is hemoptysis?
What would you want to clarify regarding hemoptysis?
Expectoration of blood
Source (upper resp, lower resp, GI)
What are some causes of hemoptysis?
Bronchogenic carcinoma (may be frothy), Airway trauma, Lung parenchymal infection (TB {streaks of blood}, pneumonia, abscess), Pulmonary embolism (bright red), Esophageal varices
What is the most common type of dyspnea?
Shortness of breath (SOB) on exertion
What are the six clinical types of dyspnea? Which is most common?
Physiologic, pulmonary, cardiac, chemical, neuromuscular, psychological
Physiologic most common
What are causes of physiologic dyspnea?
Exertion at high altitude
What are the four subtypes of pulmonary dyspnea?
Restrictive, obstructive, infectious, non-infectious
What is the overall problem in restrictive pulmonary dyspnea? What are some causes?
Overall = Low compliance of lungs (worse on exertion) Causes = Pulmonary fibrosis, chest deformities (eg pectus excavatum), scoliosis, broken ribs, obesity
What is the overall problem in obstructive pulmonary dyspnea? What are some causes?
Overall = Increased resistance to airflow, esp. with expiration Causes = Asthma, upper airway edema due to allergies, infection, cystic fibrosis, COPD (emphesema, chronic bronchitis)
What are causes of infectious pulmonary dyspnea?
Pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
What are causes of non-infectious pulmonary dyspnea?
Lung cancer, sarcoidosis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumoconiosis, atelectasis
What are causes of cardiac pulmonary dyspnea?
CHF, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, cardiac asthma (acute resp. insufficiency caused by L ventricular failure with bronchospasm, wheezing and hyperventilation)
What is Cheyne Stokes breathing? What type of pulmonary dyspnea is this a sign of?
Alternating periods of apnea and hyperpnea (gradually increasing depth and frequency of respiration)
Sign of cardiac pulm dysp
What is Orthopnea? What type of pulmonary dyspnea is this a sign of?
Respiratory problems while supine (Left ventricular failure)
Sign of cardiac pulm dysp
What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)? What type of pulmonary dyspnea is this a sign of?
Pt awakens gasping for breath and must sit or stand up (eg mitral stenosis, aortic insufficiency, HTN)
Sign of cardiac pulm dysp
