Quiz 7

Question 1

How is lepto transmitted?

Answer 1

• Exposure to contaminated water, food, soil, or bedding. Bite wounds, direct contact with infected urine

Question 2

Which two organ systems are primarily affected by lepto?

Answer 2

Kidneys & liver

Question 3

Which body fluid most likely to contain lepto organisms?

Answer 3

Urine

Question 4

If an animal is able to be vaccinated for lepto, how often should it be done? Is the vaccine cross protective against different serovars?

Answer 4

• Annually if necessary

* No

Question 5

What are common organisms implicated in infectious tracheobronchitis?

Answer 5

Bacteria & viruses

Question 6

How do animals with kennel cough generally feel? How is the cough described?

Answer 6

• decreased appetite and activity

* Deep hacking cough with gagging or retching “Goose honk”

Question 7

Which is the recommended way to administer kennel cough vaccine?

Answer 7

Intranasal

Question 8

Can we get Lyme disease directly from dogs? What are some ways to prevent Lyme disease?

Answer 8

• No
• Tick prevention and control
• Vaccine recommended for seronegative dogs living in endemic areas

Question 9

Which strains of canine influenza do we vaccinate for?

Answer 9

• H3N8 and H3N2

Question 10

What does the rattlesnake vaccine help with?

Answer 10

• Aids in the reduction of morbidity and mortality in rattlesnake envenomation

Question 11

Are most pyodermas in animals primary or secondary?

Answer 11

Secondary most common

Question 12

What are some of the secondary causes of pyodermas?

Answer 12

• allergies, food sensitivities, yeast infection, endocrine/metabolic disorder

Question 13

Which layers of pyodermas are involved in superficial? Deep?

Answer 13

• Superficial: epidermis & follicle

* Deep: dermis & subcutis (SQ)

Question 14

What are some clinical signs of pyodermas?

Answer 14

• Erythema, Papules, Pustules, Epidermal collarettes, Ulcerations, Crusts, Alopecia, Pruritus, Self-inflicted trauma

Question 15

List some examples of superficial pyodermas.

Answer 15

• Hot spots, pyoderma, skin fold dermatitis, acne (could also be deep)

Question 16

What is a “hot spot?” What usually causes them? Who is prone to them?

Answer 16

• Acute moist dermatitis
• self-inflicted trauma, clipper burn, atopy
• Heavy coated breeds

Question 17

What are some of the dermal folds that can develop pyoderma (where are they located)?

Answer 17

• Lips (drooly breeds)
• Facial folds (brachycephalic)
• Vulvar folds
• Tail folds

Question 18

What types of dogs get acne?

Answer 18

• Young dogs (3-12mo) or short coated breeds

Question 19

What are some recommendations for treating and preventing feline acne?

Answer 19

• Cleanse area under chin, stainless steel or ceramic food & water bowls

Question 20

What are some types of deep pyoderma?

Answer 20

• Feline acne, puppy strangles (juvenile pyoderma), interdigital, generalized pyodermas, acral (lick)granulomas, “stud-tail”

Question 21

Where do lick granulomas form?

Answer 21

• Feet, carpus, at or below hock

Question 22

What usually causes lick granulomas?

Answer 22

• Cause can be underlying issue (arthritis, allergies, neoplasia, OCD)

Question 23

What are some treatment options for lick granulomas?

Answer 23

• Long-term antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, topicals, behavior drugs, e-collar, bandaging

Question 24

What are some clinical signs of yeast infections?

Answer 24

• Pruritic, skin red, moist, ulcerated

Question 25

What is a dermatophyte? What is the most common dermatophyte in small animals? How do we generally diagnose?

Answer 25

* Ringworm * Microsporum canis * Woods lamp, fungal culture/DTM culture, KOH preparations

Question 26

What are some causes of allergies in animals? What locations on the body does each allergy typically affect?

Answer 26

* Fleas: base of tail, ventral abdomen * Food: face feet, ears, rears * inhalant allergens (atopy): feet, ears, axillae, anal glands

Question 27

What are some diagnostics that we use to diagnose allergies?

Answer 27

• History, positive response to treatment, flea screening, skin scrapes, skin cytology, tape impressions, ear cytology, fungal culture

Question 28

What is the best way to diagnose a food allergy?

Answer 28

Food trial (min 10 wks)

Question 29

What generally causes feline eosinophilic granuloma complex? Where are these lesions usually located on the cat?

Answer 29

* Allergies (food, fleas, atopy), Idiopathic | * Ventral abdomen, inner thighs, axilla, chin, lips, footpads, ulcers on lips, eosinophilic plaques, linear granulomas

Question 30

What are clinical signs of sarcoptic mange? What should owners know about this mite? How is it diagnosed?

Answer 30

* Severely pruritic, generalized lesions (pinna, ventral abdomen, elbows, hocks) * Highly contagious & zoonotic * Pinnal-pedal reflex, skin scrape, owner ends up w/ it

Question 31

How is demodectic mange different from sarcoptic mange (clinical signs, location, diagnosis, etc.)?

Answer 31

* “red mange”, not contagious or zoonotic * Hair loss on face, ears, extremities * Non pruritic unless secondary pyoderma, Patchy alopecia * DEEP skin scape, skin biopsy, fecal

Question 32

What are some ways to tell that an animal has had fleas other than finding fleas themselves? What is unique about the flea’s life cycle?

Answer 32

* Hair loss, flea dirt, secondary pyoderma, tapeworms | * Spends most of life cycle off the host

Question 33

Name 2 ingredients in flea medications that could be toxic to cats

Answer 33

• Organophosphates & permethrin

Question 34

Which species of tick is known to inhabit buildings? What are some recommendations regarding removal?

Answer 34

* Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) | * Remove by getting head, not body

Question 35

If an owner finds lice on their child, could they have gotten it from the dog? Why or why not?

Answer 35

• No, Not zoonotic or reverse zoonosis (species specific)

Question 36

What is unique about removal of Cuterebra?

Answer 36

• Removed carefully, crushing or tearing can release larval protein and can cause severe allergic reaction

Question 37

What are common causes of anal gland issues? What are clinical signs?

Answer 37

* Allergies, seborrhea, obesity | * Scooting, excessive licking, odor, pain on sitting, swollen perianal area, dark discoloration in perianal area