Quiz 8

Question 1

Drug Name: Ranolazine

Answer 1

Brand Name: Ranexa
Class: Antianginal agent
MoA: reduces intracellular sodium levels and calcium influx by inhibiting late phase inward sodium current in cardiac myocytes

Question 2

Drug Name: Isosorbide Mononitrate

Answer 2

Brand Name: Imdur
Class: Antianginal / Vasodilator
MoA: acts as a prodrug for nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle and causes dilation of peripheral veins and arteries, with more prominent effects on veins to reduce cardiac preload

Question 3

Drug Name: Propafenone

Answer 3

Brand Name: Rythmol
Class: Antiarrythmic (Class Ic)
MoA: blocks the sodium channels to restrict entry of sodium into cardiac cells, causing a decrease in excitability of the cells. Also has local anesthetic effects and a direct stabilizing action on myocardial membranes

Question 4

Drug Name: Amiodarone

Answer 4

Brand Name: Cordarone, Pacerone
Class: Antiarrythmic (Class III)
MoA: primarily blocks potassium channels, increasing the duration of the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue. Also interferes with the functioning of beta adrenergic receptors, sodium channels, and calcium channels.

Question 5

Drug Name: Digoxin

Answer 5

Brand Name: Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin
Class: Antiarrythmic agent
MoA: inhibits the sodium-potassium pump in myocardial cells, which increases intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations, causing increased contractility of the heart. Digoxin also stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve, which decreases conduction velocity through the AV node, causing a slowing of the heart rate

Question 6

Drug Name: Diltiazem

Answer 6

Brand Name: Cardizem, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Tiazac
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
MoA: non-dihydropyridine CCB that blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which results in increased peripheral arteriole vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance.

Question 7

Drug Name: Felodipine

Answer 7

Brand Name: Plendil
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
MoA: dihydropyridine CCB that blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which results in increased peripheral arterial vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance

Question 8

Drug Name: Nifedipine

Answer 8

Brand Name: Procardia, Adalat CC, Nifedical XL
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
MoA: Dihydropyridine CCB that blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, which results in increased peripheral arterial vasodilation and decreases peripheral vascular resistance

Question 9

Drug Name: Verapamil

Answer 9

Brand Name: Calan, Verelan
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
MoA: non-dihydropyrimidine CCB that blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which results in increased peripheral arterial vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. Also is a negative inotrope and a negative chronotrope.

Question 10

Drug Name: Hydralazine

Answer 10

Brand Name: Apresoline
Class: Vasodilator
MoA: theorized to interfere with calcium movement in vascular smooth muscle. Hydralazine directly relaxes arteriole smooth muscle with little effect on venous smooth muscle

Question 11

Drug Name: Propranolol

Answer 11

Brand Name: Inderal XL/LA, InnoPran XL
Class: Beta1-Beta2 Blocker
MoA: Blocks stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors which reduces cardiac output, reduces exercise induced tachycardia and/or isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and reduces reflex orthostatic tachycardia

Question 12

Drug Name: Carvedilol

Answer 12

Brand Name: Coreg
Class: Beta1-beta2 blocker and alpha1 blocker
MoA: blocks stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors which reduces cardiac output, reduces exercised induced tachycardia and/or isoproterenol induced tachycardia, and reduces reflex orthostatic tachycardia. Blockade of alpha1 adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation of blood vessels

Question 13

Drug Name: Labetalol

Answer 13

Brand Name: Normodyne, Tranadate
Class: Beta1-Beta2 blocker and alpha1 blocker
MoA: blocks stimulation of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors which reduces cardiac output, reduces exercise induces trachycardia and/or isoproterenol induced tachycardia, and reduces reflex orthostatic tachycardia. Blockade of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation of blood vessels

Question 14

Drug Name: Metropolol

Answer 14

Brand Name: Lopressor (metroprolol tartrate), Troprol XL (metroprolol succinate)
Class: Beta1 selective blocker
MoA: binds to the beta1 adrenergic receptors found in vascular smooth muscle and the heart, blocking the positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of endogenous catecholamines such as isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

Question 15

Drug Name: Nebivolol

Answer 15

Brand Name: Bystolic
Class: Beta1 selective blocker
MoA: binds to the beta 1 adrenergic receptors found in the vascular smooth muscle and the heart, blocking the positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of endogenous catecholamines such as isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Also exerts nitric oxide mediated vasodilation which decreases systemic vascular resistance

Question 16

Drug Name: Atenolol

Answer 16

Brand Name: Tenormin
Class: Beta1 selective blocker
MoA: binds to the beta1 adrenergic receptors found in vascular smooth muscle and the heart, blocking the positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of endogenous catecholamines such as isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.