Quiz 8: Chapter 24

Question 1

Algorithms

Answer 1

Method of solving a problem by looking at the repetitive occurrence and the connection between the events that occur.

Question 2

Biological Terrorism

Answer 2

An intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or their toxins for the purpose of harming or killing.

Question 3

BioNet

Answer 3

A system to detect and determine links between disease agents during terrorist attacks.

Question 4

Chase Definition

Answer 4

A standardized list of criteria used for identifying cases of reportable diseases.

Question 5

Chemical Terrorism

Answer 5

The intentional release of hazardous chemicals into the environment for the purpose of harming or killing.

Question 6

Cluster of Illness

Answer 6

A group of events usually occurring close together in time, place, and demographics.

Question 7

Common Source

Answer 7

An outbreak that refers to a group exposed to a common noxious influence such as the release of noxious gases.

Question 8

Disease Surveillance

Answer 8

The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of specific health data for use in public health.

Question 9

Endemic

Answer 9

A disease/event that is found to be present (occurring) in a population in which there is a persistent (usual) presence with low to moderate disease/event cases.

Question 10

Enhanced Surveillance Project

Answer 10

A special system developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is designed to help assess unusual patterns of diseases or events.

Question 11

Epidemic

Answer 11

Occurrence of a disease within an area that is clearly in excess of expected levels (endemic) for a given time period.

Question 12

Event

Answer 12

Environmental, occupational exposures, natural or person induced: an occurrence of a phenomenon of health that can be discretely characterized. Can be environmental, occupational, or biological; can be naturally occurring or person induced.

Question 13

Holoendemic

Answer 13

Highly prevalent problem acquired early in life that is commonly found in a population. The prevalence of this problem decreases as age increases.

Question 14

Hyperendemic

Answer 14

A disease/event that is found to have a persistently (usually) high number of cases.

Question 15

Infectivity

Answer 15

Refers to the capacity of an agent to enter a susceptible host and produce infection or disease.

Question 16

Intermittent or Continuous Source

Answer 16

Cases may be exposed periodically or uninterrupted over a period of days or weeks.

Question 17

Laboratory Response Network

Answer 17

Developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to maintain an integrated network of state and local public health, federal, military, and international laboratories to respond to biological and chemical terrorism and other public health emergencies.

Question 18

Mixed Outbreak

Answer 18

An outbreak with a common source followed by secondary exposures related to person-to-person contact, as in the spreading of influenza.

Question 19

National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System

Answer 19

A voluntary system monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that includes 52 infectious diseases or conditions with case definitions that are considered important to the public’s health.

Question 20

Outbreak

Answer 20

Change (increase) in disease/event from expected levels to levels that are clearly in excess.

Question 21

Outbreak Detection

Answer 21

Identifying a rise in frequency of disease above the usual occurrence of the disease.

Question 22

Outcome Data

Answer 22

Focuses on changes in health status.

Question 23

Pandemic

Answer 23

Refers to the epidemic spread of the problem over several countries or continents.

Question 24

Pathogenicity

Answer 24

Measures the proportion of infected people who develop the disease.

Question 25

Person Under Investigation

Answer 25

relies on clinical presentation of the patient, clinical judgment of the provider, and the geographic location (epidemiologic place) of the person to confirm possible exposure to the disease.

Question 26

Point Source

Answer 26

An outbreak that involves all persons exposed becoming ill at same time, during one incubation period.

Question 27

Process Data

Answer 27

Data that focus on services provided or protocols for health care.

Question 28

Propagated Outbreak

Answer 28

An outbreak that does not have a common source and spreads gradually from person to person, over more than one incubation period.

Question 29

Public Health Protection

Answer 29

Laws, regulations, reporting mechanisms, and data collections used for disease surveillance/outbreak investigations to protect the public's health.

Question 30

PulseNet

Answer 30

A system developed by the CDC, the Association of Public Health Laboratories, and federal food regulatory agencies to "fingerprint" foodborne bacteria. This system is designed to provide data for early recognition and investigation of foodborne outbreaks in all 50 states.

Question 31

Sentinel

Answer 31

A surveillance system that monitors key health events when information is not otherwise available or in vulnerable populations to calculate or estimate disease morbidity.

Question 32

Sporadic

Answer 32

Problems with an irregular pattern with occasional cases found at irregular intervals.

Question 33

Syndromic Surveillance System

Answer 33

Systems developed to monitor illness syndromes or events, such as increased numbers of medication purchases, trips to physicians or emergency departments, or orders for cultures or x-ray films, as well as rising levels of school or work absenteeism, which may indicate that an epidemic is developing hours or days before disease clusters are recognized or specific diagnoses are made and reported to public health agencies.

Question 34

Virulence

Answer 34

Refers to the proportion of people with clinical disease who become severely ill or die.