Quiz 9 Flashcards
Autism Spectrum Disorder-3 overlapping characteristics
1) social reciprocity
2) communication difficulties
3) behavioral rigidity
Social reciprocity
social give and take like in a convo. (reciprocating positive behavior ex: one person smiles and waves hello, other person waves and smiles back
-others: eye gaze, joint attention
Autism Communication difficulties
a) significantly delayed onset of spoken language or total absence
b) impaired patterns of initiating and responding in conversation
Echolalia: repetition of others speech
lack of imaginative or social imitative play appropriate to child’s development level
NOT As Likely to have articulatory diffuclties
Behavioral Rigidity
another symptom of autism is an extreme resistance to change of any kind. Autistic children tend to want to maintain established behavior patterns and a set environment. They develop rituals in play, oppose change (such as moving furniture), and may become preoccupied with one particular topic
Other characteristics that can be noted: ritualistic behavior:
- may have a secondary diagnosis such as cognitive impairment, add, old or seizure disorder
- may have an outstanding skill (splinter skill) such as great rote memory, amazing artistic or musical ability
Cause of autism
initially thought autism had its origins in a disturbance of the parent-child relationship (WRONG)
Genetic disorder
Brain differences-difficult to locate the neurological foundation that produce the specific social, linguistic, and cognitive symptoms that describe autism
Specific Social and Communicative Weaknesses in ASD
1) Joint attention: attending to a social partner, flexibility shifting eye gaze between people and environment, getting others attention to initiate interaction
2) symbol Use: difficulty learning verbal labels for concepts as well as use of gestures. Demonstrate lack of symbolic play
3) Theory of Mind: understanding intentions and mental states of others in their environment. people may be seen as a means for meeting a behavioral goal. (ex child uses adults arm as a tool to reach things beyond his or her own grasp rather than requesting help
SLI treatment Techniques
1) Modeling
ex: adult: “I am rolling the clay, I am pounding the clay. I am stretching the clay. What are you doing
child: I am smushing the clay
2) imitation/mand: telling them to say what you are saying
3) recasting-restating what they’re saying and correcting it a little
4) expansion-expanding on what they’re saying
5) focused stimulation
6) scaffolding
Language Delays in children with ASD
20 % never develop expressive language–those that do develop expressive language are characterized by “uneven” or “disordered” course of development
Strengths-sometimes they have a “good” ability to read
difficulties of lang delays with children with asd
1) poor us elf grammar-particularly grammar that pertains to social circumstances
2) poor use of _pragmatics____
3) inability to establish _joint attn and theory of mind____(perspective taking)
4) Echolalia
Echolalia
1) immediate
2) delayed
3) Exact
4) Mitigated
Why does echolalia occur?
- exhibit comprehension difficulties
- communicative strategy to participate in conversation
- typically as language develops echolalia decreases in frequency
Echolalia treatment
- intervention should begin EARLY
- intervention should be intensive
- parents and family members should be INTEGRALLY involved in any treatment approach
- treatment must include & focus on SOCIAL aspects communication
- instruction should be systematic but customized
- emphasis should be placed on generalization
Specific language impairment
disorder of language only
- lexicon
- syntax
- pragmatics
Speech Impairment
Disorders of speech production
- cleft palate & cleft lip
- articulation
- fluency
Who is at risk for speech impairments?
- children with hearing impairments
- children with reduced oral stimulation
- children with oral motor structural impairments
- some children with syndromes
- children with family history of speech impairments
Cleft palate and lip
a hole in this partition often produces nasal sounds. the majority of clefts appear to be due to a combination of genetics and environmental factors(meds taken by mom during pregnancy, exposure to viruses, chemicals(radiation)
stuttering
a normal disfluent chid occasionally repeats syllables or words once or twice I I like this. disfluencies may also include hesitancies and the use of fillers such as “uh” “er” “um”
Disfluencies occur most often between ages of ___years and they tend to come and go.
characteristics of stuttering
part word repetitions whole word repetitions initial sound repetitions prolongations blocks of air flow or voiced
secondary characteristics of stuttering
poor eye contact facial tension head nods interjections of other sounds feelings/attitudes about speech
Things that affect stuttering
child, general environment, communication environment
Stuttering: Child
genetics
overall development
temperament
Stuttering: Communication environment
- limited response time
- interruptions
- rate of speech
- negative reactions to speech
Stuttering: general environment
- time pressure
- inconsistencies
- Parents do NOT cause stuttering
