Quiz eye part 1

Question 1

Disorders affecting the eyelids

Answer 1

blepharitis, anterior, posterior, hordeolum, chalazion, entropion and extropion

Question 2

Blepharitis

Answer 2

-recurrent disorder that involves chronic inflammation of the eye lid margins

Question 3

s and s of blepharitis

Answer 3

dry eyes, burning, itching, light sensiticity, sandy gritty sensation, discomfort, redness, tearing

Question 4

where can bleph be

Answer 4

anterior or posterior eye lid

Question 5

anterior bleph

Answer 5

-eye lashes and sebaceous glands of zeiss
-affects the outside front of the eyelid where the lashes are attached

Question 6

posterior bleph

Answer 6

openings of the meibomian glands

Question 7

2 most common anterior bleph strains:

Answer 7

staphylococcus and seborrheic dermatitis

Question 8

what is a potential cause of bleph

Answer 8

dandruff falling from the scalp adn into the eye lid or a skin infeciton with s aur

Question 9

anterior bleph staph infection

Answer 9

-scaling, matted, hard crusts around the eye lashes, difficulty opening the eye, removing the crust can leave small ulcers that bleed and ooze
-ddx: conjunctivitis

Question 10

complication of ant bleph

Answer 10

-sty/ hordeolum can form becuase the gland is blocked and infected

Question 11

anterior bleph treatment

Answer 11

warm compress, lid hygeine, antibio ointment (azith1%)
-if it is staph us a steroid to decrease inflammation

Question 12

s and s of ant blep from serborrheic

Answer 12

greasy flakes and scales along eye lashes and lid margin and the pt will have seb. dermatititis

Question 13

treatment of seb ant bleph

Answer 13

warm compress, eye lid scrub, baby shampoo

Question 14

post bleph pathophys

Answer 14

-meibomian glands are not functioning and the glands are plugged by oily secretions

Question 15

s and s post bleph

Answer 15

chronic red irritated eyes, common in pt with acne rosacea or seb dermatitis

Question 16

post bleph tx

Answer 16

warm compress, lid scrib, bactracin/ erythromycin eye ointment, oral tetracycling *cant if they are under 18 and topical corticosteroids (if severe)

Question 17

what is a hordeolum

Answer 17

-red, infected, localized lump that is filled with pus
-usual pathogen: s aur
-can be exeternal or internal

Question 18

external hord

Answer 18

caused by a blockage and infection of a ciiary follicle adn the adjacent sebaceous glands of moll or zeis (on the eyelash but outside)

Question 19

internal hord

Answer 19

due to a blockage and infection of the meibomian sebaceious glands in the tarsal plate (inside the eyelid)
*can damage the cornea

Question 20

hord onset

Answer 20

acute, painful, red, localized swellings with abscesss formation (this can spread), can also lead to generalized cellulitis of the lid and self limiting once it drains

Question 21

hord tx

Answer 21

warm compress, soaks, if does not resolve 48 hours may need incision

Question 22

is a chalazion painful

Answer 22

no, but if you have it for a while it will be firm and hard

Question 23

what is a chalazion

Answer 23

a focal chronic inflammatory lesion of the eyelid due to obstruction of a sebacious gland, this often follows an internal hord
-it is slow growing painless nodule

Question 24

are lipogranulomas in chalazion infected

Answer 24

no bc they are lipids in the tissue

Question 25

chalazion time line

Answer 25

can lasts for months, red swollen, treat with warm compress 4x a day

Question 26

can steroid injection be for chalazion

Answer 26

yes IF there is no infection and or no response to treatment

Question 27

what causes angioedema

Answer 27

an allergic rx, no scaling

Question 28

causes angioedema

Answer 28

exposure to allergens

Question 29

angioedema tx

Answer 29

self limiting, avoid inciting agents like ace inhibitors, if the airway is obstructed this is an emrgency= IM epi, mild case: oral antihistamines or glucocorticoids

Question 30

types of cellulitis

Answer 30

pre vs post (proptosis)

Question 31

cellulitis s and s

Answer 31

severe edema, deep violaceous color, pain

Question 32

cellulitis onset

Answer 32

days to hours, preceded by upper respiratory tract infection, local skin trauma, abscess, insect bite or impetigo, sinusitis

Question 33

proptosis

Answer 33

decreased visual aquity, pain with eye movmement, limited extraocular mvoement and afferent papillary defect -eye is pushed out

Question 34

preseptal cellulitis

Answer 34

0out patient, broad spectrum antibiotic (diclo or augmentin) and close follow up -under the age of 4= hospital

Question 35

orbital/ post septal cellulitis

Answer 35

elevated WBC, CT, unasyn (ampicillin/subactam),

Question 36

Entropion

Answer 36

-inside -inward tuning of the eye lid -can scratch and scar the cornea and may following scarring of the conjunctiva and tarsus which is common with age

Question 37

entropion rx

Answer 37

botulinum toxin injection

Question 38

ectropion

Answer 38

-outside turning of the lower lid -common with age as you lose elasticity -treat with surgery -if the tearing is excessive (epiphora) there could be exposure keratitis or cosmetic problem

Question 39

Pinguecula

Answer 39

-yellow elevated nocule on either side of the cornea -this is benign -common on the nasal side -age> 35 years and they rarely grow -inflammation

Question 40

pinguecula tx

Answer 40

-artificial tears, short course of nsaids or weak steroid

Question 41

pterygium

Answer 41

-fleshy triagular are on the conjunctive -nasal side of the cornea -constant wind, sun, dust exposure can cause this -unilateral or bilateral

Question 42

pterygium tx

Answer 42

-sunglasses, artificial tears, nsaids or weak steroid -excision bc the growth is interfering with vision when it grows and cover the cornea

Question 43

Dacrocystitis vs dacroadenitis

Answer 43

-adenitis= gland -cystitis= sac

Question 44

dacrocystitis

Answer 44

-can have an infection of the lacriminal gland or sac due to obstructionof the nasolacrimal system -can be related to malformation of the tear duct, injury, eye infection or trauma -infants to middle age -unilateral

Question 45

dacrocystisis s and s

Answer 45

epiphora and discharge, tenderness, redness and swelling -acute

Question 46

dacrocystitis causes

Answer 46

-staph aur, beta hemolytic strep, anaerobes, candida, will respond well to abx

Question 47

dacrocystitis cure

Answer 47

relief of the obstruction -dacryocystirhinostomy

Question 48

foreign body presentation

Answer 48

-pt feels something in the eye -fb will be in the cornea and conjunctiva -rust ring (from steel FB)

Question 49

Treat FB

Answer 49

-local anesthetic, record visual acuity recorded, fluorescien, polumyxin, bacitracin opthalmic ointment, tissue excised under local anesthetia using slit lamp, FB removed with applicator -follow up 24 hours

Question 50

corneal abrasion

Answer 50

-fingernail, paper, contact lense, pain, photophobia, tearing, blepharospasm, FB sensation