Quiz II Electrolytes

Question 1

Define electrolyte

Answer 1

ions capable of carrying an electric charge

Question 2

name two cations in the body

Answer 2

sodium

calcium

Question 3

name two anions in the body

Answer 3

chloride

bicarbonate

Question 4

Most abundant extracellular cation
maintains osmotic pressure
low levels produce edema(swelling)

Answer 4

sodium

Question 5

When blood volume is low what two hormones help to maintain it

Answer 5

renin - angiotensinogenase

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

low sodium levels and 3 causes

Answer 6

hyponatremia
vomiting
burns
renal problems

Question 7

high sodium levels and 3 causes

Answer 7

hypernatremia
diabetes insipidus
prolonged diarrhea
profuse sweating

Question 8

normal range for sodium

Answer 8

136-145 mm/L

Question 9

Major intracellular cation
regulates activity of neuromuscular junction and
cardiac muscle contraction

Answer 9

potassium

Question 10

Controls amount of potassium available in circulation

Answer 10

Dietary intake

Question 11

low levels of potassium

Answer 11

hypokalemia

Question 12

high levels of potassium

Answer 12

hyperkalemia

Question 13

normal range for potassium

Answer 13

3.5-5.0 mM/L

Question 14

Major extracellular anion
maintain osmotic pressure
keeps body hydrated
maintains electroneutrality

Answer 14

Chloride

Question 15

salt loss during renal disease
diabetic ketoacidosis
prolonged vomiting

Answer 15

causes of hypochloremia

Question 16

dehydration
acute renal failure
prolonged diarrhea w/ loss of bicarbonate
aspirin intoxication

Answer 16

causes of hyperchloremia

Question 17

normal range for chloride

Answer 17

90-109 mM/L

Question 18

Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid

Answer 18

bicarbonate

Question 19

metabolic acidosis
renal failure
diarrhea

Answer 19

decreased levels of bicarbonate

Question 20

respiratory acidosis
matobolic alkalosis after severe vomiting
hypokalemia
excess alkali intake

Answer 20

increased levels of bicarbonate

Question 21

3 methods of analysis for bicarbonate

Answer 21

ion specific electrode
spectrophotometric method
enzymatic method

Question 22

normal range for bicarbonate

Answer 22

22-28 mM/L

Question 23

Second most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 23

magnesium

Question 24

Most important application for testing magnesiums levels in blood

Answer 24

hypomagnesemia
can result in tetany
hemolyzed specimens are rejected

Question 25

Normal range fo rmagnesium

Answer 25

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 26

required for blood coagulation important in muscle contraction and membrane permeability

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

Two fractions of calcium

Answer 27

free; 60% of total calcium | protein bound

Question 28

PTH - parathyroid hormone calcitonin antagonistic relationship

Answer 28

Regulate calcium

Question 29

Required for intestinal absorption of calcium

Answer 29

Vitamin D

Question 30

physiological active form of calcium

Answer 30

ionized calcium

Question 31

vitamin d deficiency | liver disease

Answer 31

causes of hypocalcemia

Question 32

vitamin d excess | multiple myeloma

Answer 32

causes of hypercalcemia

Question 33

normal range for calcium

Answer 33

8.5-10.5 mg%

Question 34

Major intracellular cation | levels inside rbc is 50 greater than in extracellular fluid

Answer 34

Phosphorus

Question 35

Phosphate in the serum is combined with ammonium molybdate to form phosphomolybdate. Phosphomolybdate is then reduced to molybdenum blue which is measured with spectrophotometry

Answer 35

Fiske and Subbarrow Method

Question 36

normal range for phosphorus

Answer 36

2.8-4.0 mg%

Question 37

concentration of iron in the plasma represents what % or total body iron?

Answer 37

0.1%

Question 38

found in oxyhemoglobin and reduced to hemoglobin

Answer 38

Ferrous, or iron II

Question 39

stored in ferritin and hemosiderin and is the form that attaches to transferring

Answer 39

ferric, or iron III

Question 40

TIBC is used to estimate what in the serum

Answer 40

transferrin levels

Question 41

Reacts with the chromagen to produce detectable color in iron methods

Answer 41

ferrous

Question 42

How is % iron saturation determined?

Answer 42

% saturation= serum Fe/TIBC x 100

Question 43

Normal range for iron

Answer 43

m 60-150 ug/dL | f 50-130 ug/dL

Question 44

Normal range for TIBC

Answer 44

250-450 ug/dL

Question 45

Normal range for % iron saturation

Answer 45

20-50%

Question 46

Formulas for anion gap and their ranges

Answer 46

NA - (Cl + HCO3) = 8-18 mmol/L | (Na+K) - (Cl+HCO3)= 12-20 mmol/L

Question 47

uremia lactic acidosis severe dehydration

Answer 47

increase anion gap

Question 48

instrument error multiple myeloma hypoalbuminemia

Answer 48

decrease anion gap

Question 49

If after repeat testing anion gap stays the dame what else can be checked as indicator of possible uremia or ketoacidosis

Answer 49

BUN and glucose; elevated is indicative of either | compare to pt history and delta check