Quiz IV COH Flashcards
(31 cards)
the only hormone to reduce glucose levels
insulin
increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis
known as fight or flight hormone
ephinephrine
produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
works to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
glucagon
produced by anterior pituitary that increase glucose levels by inhibiting glucose uptake by the tissues and increasing glucose output by the liver
GH - growth hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
T3 and T4 increase blood glucose levels so pt with hyperthyroidism may appear to have symptoms of
mild diabetes
normal range for plasma/serum glucose
80-100 mg/dL
fasting blood glucose levels above 105 mg/dL
hyperglycemia
fasting blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL
hypoglycemia
Define renal threshold
level of glucose in blood above which glucose will “spill over” into the urine and is equal to 160-180 mg/dL
insulin dependent
autoimmune destruction of pancreas beta cells
referred as juvenile b/c it manifests in childhood
Type 1 diabetes
noninsulin dependent
adult onset
too low of insulin levels to maintain blood glucose levels
most pt are obese
Type 2 diabetes
a condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively; begins presiabetic state
insulin resistance
HgbA1C >= to 6.5 % fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg/dL two hour plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL during OGTT random plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL plus symptoms of diabetes
diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus
normal fasting glucose levels
70-99 mg/dL
2hr OGTT <= 140 mg/dL
impaired glucose metabolism
100-125 mg/dL
2hr OGTT 140-199 mg/dL
provisional diabetes diagnosis levels
> = 126 mg/dL
2 hr OGTT >= 200 mg/dL
rate per hour serum glucose levels are reduced by glycolytic enzymes at room temp
approx 7% per hour
glucose + O2 + H2O (glucose dioxide) ->
glucanic acid + H2O2
H2O2 + reduced chromagen (peroxidas)-> oxidized chromagen + H2O
glucose oxidase reaction for glucose determination
glucose + ATP (hexokinase)-> glucose-6-PO4 + ADP
glucose-6-PO4 + NADP (G-6PO)-> NADPH + 6-phosphogluconate
hexokinase reaction for glucose determination
How long with a glycosylated hgb or hgbA1C test determine a patients compliance
over a period of 3 months
HgbA1C makes up what % of hemoglobin
80%
normal range for hgb A1C
3.0-6.0%
basic process of performing a 3 hour glucose tolerance test
drawing a fasting glucose followed by the ingestion of 75 g of glucose in a liquid form within 5 minutes. Children receive1.75g/kg of body weight of glucose, up to 75g. after ingestion blood samples are taken 30, 60, 120, and 180 min intervals and tested for glucose
activities pt should refrain from before GTT
exercise
drinking
eating
smoking