quiz lecture 9 Flashcards by n p

Gustatory and Olfactory receptors are
a. Mechanical
b. Physical
c. Chemical
d. Neurotransmitter

c. Chemical

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Chemicals have to be dissolved in liquids such as saliva or nasal secretions to reach to the receptor
a. True
b. false

a. True
must contact gustatory hairs

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Which of the following papillae does NOT have sensory function?
a. filiform
b. fungiform
c. Circumvallate
d. foliate

a. filiform

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Which one is not a basic taste sensation?
a. Hunani
b. Umami
c. Sweet
d. Bitter
e. Salty
f. Sour

a. Hunani

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Match:
5. Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids____
6. Metal ions [Na+, Ca2+]____
7. Hydrogen ions [H+]____
8. Alkaloids [e.g., quinine, nicotine]_____
9. Elicited by amino acid glutamate [MSG – monosodium glutamate]____

a. Bitter b. Salty c. Sour d. Umami e. Sweet

Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids____e sweet
Metal ions [Na+, Ca2+]____ b salt
Hydrogen ions [H+]____c sour
Alkaloids [e.g., quinine, nicotine]_
a bitter
Elicited by amino acid glutamate [MSG – monosodium glutamate]_umami

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The binding of the food chemical causes
a. Repolarization of the taste membrane, releasing neurotransmitter
b. Depolarization of the taste cell membrane
c. Initiates a generator potential that elicit an action potential
d. A and c
e. b and c

e. b and c

b. Depolarization of the taste cell membrane
c. Initiates a generator potential that elicit an action potential

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Match the locations:
11. The centers for appreciation of taste
12. The centers for taste____
13. All sensory input has to go first to____
a. Hypothalamus and limbic system
b. Gustatory cortex
c. Thalamus

The centers for appreciation of taste
a. Hypothalamus and limbic system
The centers for taste____
b. Gustatory cortex
All sensory input has to go first to____
c. Thalamus

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Which cranial nerves are involved with taste?
a. Cranial nerves VII and X
b. Cranial nerves VIII and IX
c. Cranial nerves VII and IX
d. Cranial nerves V and XII

c. Cranial nerves VII and IX

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Which receptors may influence the taste?
a. Thermoreceptors
b. Nocireceptors
c. Mechanoreceptors
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

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The olfactory receptor cells are
a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Tripolar

b. Bipolar

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Which statement is correct?
a. olfactory receptor cells synapse with mitral cells
b. glomerular mitral cells process odor signals
c. mitral cells send impulses to the olfactory cortex, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic
system
d. All are correct

d. All are correct

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Over 70% of sensory receptors are in the olfactory bulb
a. True
b. False

b. False
>70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye

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Fat protects the eye as a cushion
a. True
b. False

a. True

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Which statement is true about the human eye?
a. distinguish 10 million colors
b. visual angle of 180 degrees
c. resolution estimate is 576 megapixels
d. switch focus from near to far <0.5 seconds
e. pupils constrict in <0.2 seconds
f. all are true

f. all are true

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Lubricating glands associated with the eyelids are
a. Sebaceous and meibomian
b. Lacrimal and meibomian
c. Sebaceous and lacrimal
d. Ciliary glands
e. A and c
f. A and d

f. A and d

a. Sebaceous and meibomian
d. Ciliary glands

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The transparent membrane that lines the eyelids as the palpebral conjunctiva, covers the
whites of the eyes as the ocular conjunctiva, lubricates and protects the eye is
a. Retina
b. Conjunctiva
c. Iris
d. Choroid

b. Conjunctiva

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Conjunctivitis, inflammation of conjunctiva may be caused by all, except
a. Allergies
b. Bacteria
c. Parasites

c. Parasites

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What is not correct about lacrimal glands and tears?
a. contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme
b. enter the eye via superolateral excretory ducts
c. exit the eye laterally via the lacrimal punctum
d. drain into the nasolacrimal duct (i.e.to the nose)

all are true

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What is not true about the extrinsic muscles of the eye?
a. six strap-like extrinsic eye muscles enable the eye to follow moving objects
b. maintain the shape of the eyeball
c. four rectus muscles originate from the annular ring
d. two oblique muscles move the eye in the vertical plane
e. Produce tears

e. Produce tears

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Match
25. Errors of eye alignment, corrected with surgery, botulism toxin____
26. Visual weakness in an otherwise normal eye, a developmental disorder____

a. Ambliopia
b. Strabismus

Errors of eye alignment, corrected with surgery, botulism toxin____
b. Strabismus
Visual weakness in an otherwise normal eye, a developmental disorder____
a. Amblyopia

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Which one of the following is not part of the eye wall structure?
a. Fibrous
b. Serous
c. vascular [uvea]
d. sensory [retina]

b. Serous

Where is the blind spot in the retina?
a. Optic disc
b. Fovea centralis
c. Rods
d. Cons

a. Optic disc

The vitreous body is the jell-like substance filling up the body of the eye
a. True
b. False

a. True
the posterior segment is filled with a clear gel called vitreous humor that:
− transmits light
− supports the posterior surface of the lens
− holds the neural retina firmly against the pigmented layer
− contributes to intraocular pressure

Match:
Each question may have more than one answer, match all that pertains
30. Opaque_______
31. Clear_______
32. 32. Protects the eye and anchors the intrinsic muscles___
33. Lets light enter the eye_____
a. Sclera
b. Cornea

sclera:
opaque
protects eye and anchors extrinsic muscles

cornea:
clear
lets light enter eye

Opaque - sclera
Clear - cornea
Protects the eye and anchors the intrinsic muscles_sclera
Lets light enter the eye_cornea

Match: 34. a dark brown membrane that forms the posterior portion of the uvea, supplies blood to all eye tunics____ 35. a thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens, composed of smooth muscle bundles, anchors the suspensory ligament that holds the lens in place_____ 36. the colored part of the eye, pupil, centra, regulates the amount of light entering the eye____ a. Cilliary b. Choroid c. Iris

34 b 35 a 36 c vascular tunic: choroid region: dark brown membrane that forms posterior portion of uvea, supplies blood to all eye tunics ciliary body: thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens, smooth muscle bundles, anchors suspensory ligament iris: colored part of eye, regulates amount of light entering

37. Which statement is not correct? a. close vision and bright light – pupils constrict b. distant vision and dim light – pupils dilate c. changes in emotional state – pupils constrict when the subject matter is appealing or requires problem-solving skills d. changes in emotional state – pupils constrict when the subject matter is appealing or requires problem-solving skills

c and d are the same c. changes in emotional state – pupils DILATE when the subject matter is appealing or requires problem-solving skills

38. What is not true about sensory tunic? a. pigmented layer is the outer layer that absorbs light and prevents its scattering, prevents degradation of the image quality b. neural layer, which contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, unipolar cells and ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells

b. neural layer, which contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, BIpolar cells and ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells

39. What is the source of blood supply for the retina? a. the outer third receives its blood from the choroid b. the inner two-thirds is served by the central artery and vein c. Both a and b

c. Both a and b

Match: 40. Respond to dim light____ 41. For peripheral vision____ 42. Loss causes night blindness___ 43. Perceived input is in color____ 44. Sensitive to dim light____ 45. Found in macula lutea____ 46. concentrated in the fovea centralis____ 47. Found everywhere except the macula lutea____ 48. Low acuity_____ 49. High acuity____ a. Cones b. rods

rods 40 41 42 44 47 48 40. Respond to dim light____ 41. For peripheral vision____ 42. Loss causes night blindness___ 44. Sensitive to dim light____ 47. Found everywhere except the macula lutea____ 48. Low acuity_____ cones 43 45 46 49 43. Perceived input is in color____ 45. Found in macula lutea____ 46. concentrated in the fovea centralis____ 49. High acuity____

50. What is not true about glaucoma? a. It is defined as increased intraocular pressure [IOP], ≥21 mmHg b. typically from increased vitreous humor c. blocked outflow at canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)

all true

51. Lens allows precise focusing of light onto the retina (fine focusing) a. True b. False

a. True

Match: 52. clouding of the normally transparent lens____ 53. developing opacity of the crystalline lens____ 54. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____ 55. refractive error – results in blurred vision____ 56. denaturation of proteins___ 57. progressive; vision loss to blindness_____ 58. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____ 59. from lens hardening or corneal scarring_____ 60. refractive error – results in blurred vision____ a. Astigmatism b. Cataract

a. Astigmatism 54. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____ 55. refractive error – results in blurred vision____ 58. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____ 59. from lens hardening or corneal scarring_____ 60. refractive error – results in blurred vision____ b. Cataract 52. clouding of the normally transparent lens____ 53. developing opacity of the crystalline lens____ 56. denaturation of proteins___ 57. progressive; vision loss to blindness_____ 52 b 53 b 54 a 55 a 56 b 57 b 58 a 59 a 60 a

61. What is the correct pathway of light entering the eye? a. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors b. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, photoreceptors c. Lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, photoreceptors d. Photoreceptors, lens, vitreous humor, aqueous humor

a. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors

62. In which part the light is not refracted? a. at the cornea [highest refractive power found at cornea] b. entering the lens c. leaving the lens d. On the retina itself

d. On the retina itself

63. What is the distance that is far point of focus is the distance beyond which the lens does not need to change shape to focus? a. 10 feet b. 20 feet c. 30 feet d. 40 feet

b. 20 feet

Match: 64. changing the lens shape by ciliary muscles to increase refractory power 65. the pupillary reflex constricts the pupils to prevent divergent light rays from entering the eye 66. medial rotation of the eyeballs toward the object being viewed a. accommodation b. constriction c. convergence

a. accommodation 64. changing the lens shape by ciliary muscles to increase refractory power b. constriction 65. the pupillary reflex constricts the pupils to prevent divergent light rays from entering the eye c. convergence 66. medial rotation of the eyeballs toward the object being viewed

Match in regards to refraction: 67. normal eye with light focused properly___ 68. corrected with a concave lens, the focal point is in front of the retina, nearsighted____ 69. the focal point is behind the retina, corrected with a convex lens, farsighted___ a. Hyperopic b. Emmetropic c. Myopic

a. Hyperopic 69. the focal point is behind the retina, corrected with a convex lens, farsighted___ b. Emmetropic 67. normal eye with light focused properly___ c. Myopic 68. corrected with a concave lens, the focal point is in front of the retina, nearsighted____

70. What is not true about optic pathways? a. axons of retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve b. medial fibers of the optic nerve decussate at the optic chiasm c. most fibers of the optic tracts continue to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus d. other optic tract fibers end in superior colliculi [initiating visual reflexes] and pretectal nuclei [involved with pupillary reflexes e. optic radiations travel from the thalamus to the visual cortex f. some nerve fibers send tracts to the midbrain ending in the superior colliculi g. The input from the right eye goes to right hemisphere, from the left eye-left hemisphere

g. The input from the right eye goes to right hemisphere, from the left eye-left hemisphere

Match 71. Which statement is incorrect? a. Outer and middle ear involved with hearing b. Inner ear is involved with inner balance c. Inner ear is involve with hearing d. Inner ear is involved only with balance

d. Inner ear is involved only with balance the outer and middle ear are involved with hearing the inner ear functions in both hearing and equilibrium/balance

72. To drain the middle ear in otitis media, the doctor may use myringotomy and tympanostomy a. True b. False

b. False tympanostomy − used to drain the MIDDLE ear in ostitis media

73. Pharyngotympanic tube connects the pharynx with a. Outer ear b. Middle ear c. Inner ear

b. Middle ear

74. Transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear a. Malleus b. Incus c. Stapes d. All 3

d. All 3 the tympanic cavity contains three small bones [ossicles]: 1. malleus 2. incus 3. stapes  transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear

75. Which statement is wrong about bony labyrinth? a. Those are tortuous channels worming their way through the temporal bone b. Contains the vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals c. filled with perilymph (similar to CSF, plasma) d. Filled with plasma just like in the blood

d. Filled with plasma just like in the blood

76. Cochlear structure are for hearing, semicircular channels are for balance a. True b. False

a. True

77. The hearing sensation is base on wave vibrations a. True b. False

a. True

Match: 78. something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear (e.g., impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, osteosclerosis of the ossicles)___ 79. results from damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells____ a. Sensorineural deafness b. Conductive deafness

a. Sensorineural deafness 79. results from damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells____ b. Conductive deafness 78. something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear (e.g., impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, osteosclerosis of the ossicles)___

80. Maculae are the sensory receptors for static equilibrium, contain supporting cells and hair cells, each hair cell has stereocilia and kinocilium embedded in the otolithic membrane a. True b. False

a. True

81. Otolithic membrane containing jellylike mass studded with tiny CaCO3 stones called otoliths/otoconia a. True b. False

a. True

81.Utricular hairs respond to horizontal movement (acceleration) a. True b. False

a. True

82. Saccular hairs respond to vertical movement (gravity) a.True b. False

a.True

Match: 83.Nausea and vomiting, occurs when the visual and vestibular signals are unequal___ 84.A perception of head motion when the head is still____ 85.Otoliths from the utricle dislodge and float into the posterior canal, causing interference with cupula function_____ a. Vertigo b. Motion sickness c. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

a. Vertigo 84.A perception of head motion when the head is still____ b. Motion sickness 83.Nausea and vomiting, occurs when the visual and vestibular signals are unequal___ c. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo BPPV 85.Otoliths from the utricle dislodge and float into the posterior canal, causing interference with cupula function_____