Quiz questions Flashcards
1
Q
Essential nutrients must be supplied in the diet.
A
True
2
Q
The pet food industry is driven by research.
A
False
3
Q
Nutrients become available for other metabolic functions once energy needs are met.
A
True
4
Q
Which piece of equipment is used to measure energy?
A
Bomb calorimeter
5
Q
What are the energy yielding nutrients?
A
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
6
Q
What are the 2 energy losses considered for dogs and cats?
A
Fecal and urinary
7
Q
What energy system is used for pet food and energy requirements for dogs and cats?
A
Metabolizable energy
8
Q
The ME value of hay would be the lowest for which species?
A
Cat
9
Q
Animal feeding trials are the gold standard to determine ME of a pet food.
A
True
10
Q
Researchers must collect and analyze feces and urine in a digestibility trial to determine ME of a diet.
A
False
11
Q
Which is the primary carbohydrate used for energy within the body?
A
Glucose
12
Q
Sucrose is composed of which 2 monosaccharides?
A
Glucose + fructose
13
Q
Starch and glycogen have alpha-bonds making them indigestible.
A
False
14
Q
Dogs and cats directly digest dietary fiber.
A
False
15
Q
Beet pulp is a moderately fermentable fiber source commonly used in pet food.
A
True
16
Q
SCFAs provide a significant amount of energy for dogs and cats.
A
False
17
Q
Diets rich in highly fermentable fiber can result in poor stool quality in dogs.
A
True
18
Q
What is the most important type of fat in the diet?
A
Triglycerides
19
Q
Similar to humans, there is evidence that MCTs directly enter the portal blood supply rather than the lymphatic system in dogs.
A
False
20
Q
Dietary fat is not digestible in dogs.
A
False, it is highly digestible
21
Q
Technically, dogs and cats have a requirement for certain amino acids and nitrogen levels not protein.
A
True
22
Q
Which amino acid is not essential for dogs and cats?
A
Proline
23
Q
Animals can store excess amino acids.
A
False
24
Q
If you are feeding a high-quality protein source, less quantity is needed to meet an animal’s requirement.
A
True
25
The chemical score method used to evaluate protein quality only accounts for the limiting amino acid and not all of the essential amino acids in the test protein.
True
26
Which is commonly used as the reference protein when evaluating protein quality?
Egg
27
If you are evaluating protein quality using the biological value (BV) method, you must analyze the food, feces, and urine of animals for nitrogen.
True
28
The net protein utilization (NPU) method for evaluating protein quality does not account for the digestibility of the protein.
False
29
Cats can convert carotenoids to active vitamin A.
False
30
Dogs and cats depend on dietary sources to meet their vitamin D requirement.
True
31
Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant.
True
32
Which vitamin is routinely administered in the treatment of rodenticide poisoning in pets?
Vitamin K
33
Vitamin K3 (menadione) is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine.
False
34
Cats can synthesize enough niacin from tryptophan to meet their requirement.
False
35
Consumption of raw egg whites can lead to a deficiency in which B vitamin?
Biotin
36
Which vitamin contains cobalt?
Cobalamin
37
Which vitamin can be spared by methionine?
Choline
38
Vitamin C must be included in diets for dogs and cats.
False
39
Dogs and cats enzymatically break down carbohydrates in the mouth.
False
40
Dogs have more premolars and molars compared to cats due to their more omnivorous nature.
True
41
Dogs and cats don't have the "salt appetite."
True
42
Cats show preference for sweet flavors.
False
43
A dog can consume large meals due to the stomach's ability to expand.
True
44
Which of the following would not slow the rate of gastric emptying?
A low fat diet
45
Kibble is round to increase surface area, which allows easier access for digestive enzymes.
True
46
In regards to their GI tract, why do dogs and cats need to be fed highly digestible diets?
They have a short/small large intestine
47
Carnivores rely heavily on microbial fermentation to digest nutrients.
False
48
An agility dog is going to have higher nutrient requirements than a couch potato dog.
True
49
Which of the following is not a goal for pet food?
Promote excessive growth
50
Due to advancements over the past 40 years, obvious nutrient deficiencies are rare in dogs and cats.
True
51
The nutrient requirements published from this organization are more commonly used to formulate diets for dogs and cats.
AAFCO
52
AAFCO reports minimum nutrient requirements for dogs and cats using the following 2 categories.
1. Growth and reproduction
2. Adult maintenance
True
53
The Feloidea superfamily includes 3 families (genet, hyena, and cat) that have all evolved as strict carnivores.
True
54
The Canoidea superfamily includes several families with very diverse dietary habits.
True
55
Cats can be classified as small dogs.
False
56
The nutritional idiosyncrasies of cats impose a requirement for the inclusion of animal tissues in their diet.
True
57
It is not possible to feed a cat a vegetarian or vegan diet.
False
58
What is the metabolic body weight (MBW) of a healthy 5-year-old neutered Beagle weighing 20 lbs?
5.2
59
What is the resting energy requirement (RER) of the Beagle?
364
60
What is the maintenance energy requirement (MER) of the Beagle?
582.4
61
Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for carbohydrates.
False
62
Cats are in a constant state of gluconeogenesis.
True
63
Cats have minimal activity of which glycolytic enzyme?
Glucokinase
64
Cats and dogs can tolerate a large consumption of dairy products.
False
65
Dogs and cats do not have a dietary requirement for fiber.
True
66
Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for fat.
False
67
What is the AAFCO minimum recommendation for fat in adult maintenance diets for dogs?
5%
68
The amount of alpha-linolenic acid in pet food is determined relative to the level of linoleic acid.
True
69
Minimums for EPA and DHA have been established for dogs and cats.
False
70
Rancidity of pet food can cause essential fatty acid deficiencies in dogs and cats.
True
71
Nitrogen balance studies provide amino acid requirements.
False
72
Zero nitrogen balance is used for which physiological state?
Maintenance
73
What is the average protein digestibility of high-quality commercial pet foods?
80-90%
74
The protein requirements of dogs and cats are likely underestimated.
True
75
According to AAFCO, what is the minimum level of protein that should be included in diets for adult dogs at maintenance?
18%
76
What is the first limiting amino acid in most commercial pet foods?
Methionine
77
Which amino acid is most susceptible to processing damage (Maillard reactions)?
Lysine
78
Cats have a higher requirement for methionine and cysteine due to the production of felinine.
True
79
The AAFCO minimum for taurine is greater for canned cat food compared to dry cat food.
True
80
There is an increased risk of taurine deficiency with increased body size in dogs.
True
81
Which type of feeding regimen is the least amount of work for the owner?
Free-choice feeding
82
Free-choice feeding relies on the animal's ability to self-regulate food intake.
True
83
Free-choice feeding could decrease or eliminate noise during feeding times in shelters.
True
84
Which is more commonly associated with free-choice feeding?
Overconsumption
85
Time-controlled meal feeding can result in a "beat the clock" mentality in pets.
True
86
Which is the most commonly used feeding regimen?
Portion-controlled meal feeding
87
The owner has greatest control using which feeding regimen?
Portion-controlled meal feeding
88
Energy is the most important dietary component that affects growth rate.
True
89
Active Ca absorption mechanisms are not fully mature until 6 months of age.
True
90
It is recommended to feed large and giant breed puppies high levels of Ca.
False
91
Small and toy breed dogs have higher energy requirements per unit of body weight compared to large and giant breed dogs.
True
92
What is the optimal protein level in diets for kittens?
30-36%
93
Dietary Ca and P supplements should be added to a balanced, complete food that has been formulated for growing dogs or cats.
False
94
DHA is an essential fatty acid for puppies and kittens.
True
95
Diets fed to puppies should promote maximal growth rates.
False
96
As animal age, their body will lose _________ mass.
Lean (muscle)
97
At what age are pets at highest risk for obesity?
7-9 years
98
Dietary protein does not cause or contribute to renal disease in geriatric pets.
True
99
Geriatric pets have decreased ability to desaturate essential fatty acids.
True
100
Supplementation of antioxidants may support the immune system in both growing and geriatric pets.
True
101
What component in egg white can cause a deficiency in biotin?
Avidin
102
Trypsin inhibitor in egg white reduces protein digestibility.
True
103
The toxic compound, theobromine, in chocolate has a short-half life in the bloodstream of dogs.
False
104
Which chocolate product poses the greatest risk for toxicity in dogs?
Cocoa powder
105
Excess consumption of onions or garlic can result in anemia in dogs.
True
106
It is believed by some pet owners that a diet too “rich” or too high in protein causes hot spots.
True
107
Coprophagy in dogs is caused by a nutrient deficiency.
False
108
Which ingredient was thought to cause "red coat" in dogs?
Beet pulp
109
Which of the following is not a likely cause of "red coat" in dogs?
- Porphyrin staining
- Sunlight exposure
- Aging
- Copper deficiency
Copper deficiency
110
Vitamin C supplementation may exacerbate the development of certain skeletal lesions in growing dogs.
True
