Quiz questions Flashcards by Seth Richards

The firewall may be a single computer system or a set of two or more systems that cooperate to perform the firewall function.

true

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A firewall can serve as the platform for IPSec.

true

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A packet filtering firewall is typically configured to filter packets going in both directions.

true

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A prime disadvantage of an application-level gateway is the additional processing overhead on each connection.

true

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A DMZ is one of the internal firewalls protecting the bulk of the enterprise network.

false

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The _______ defines the transport protocol.A. destination IP address B. source IP address C. interface D. IP protocol field

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A _________ gateway sets up two TCP connections, one between itself and a TCP user on an inner host and one between itself and a TCP user on an outside host.

circuit-level

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Typically the systems in the ________ require or foster external connectivity such as a corporate Web site, an e-mail server, or a DNS server.

DMZ

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A _______ configuration involves stand-alone firewall devices plus host-based firewalls working together under a central administrative control.

Distributed firewall

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The ________ attack is designed to circumvent filtering rules that depend on TCP header information.

tiny fragment

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Intrusion detection is based on the assumption that the behavior of the intruder differs from that of a legitimate user in ways that can be quantified.

true

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To be of practical use an IDS should detect a substantial percentage of intrusions while keeping the false alarm rate at an acceptable level.

true

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An inline sensor monitors a copy of network traffic; the actual traffic does not pass through the device.

false

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A common location for a NIDS sensor is just inside the external firewall.

true

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Network-based intrusion detection makes use of signature detection and anomaly detection.

true

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Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

true

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Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are digital signatures and key management.

true

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The secret key is one of the inputs to a symmetric-key encryption algorithm.

true

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The strength of a hash function against brute-force attacks depends on the length of the hash code produced by the algorithm.

true

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Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.

false

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A _______ monitors the characteristics of a single host and the events occurring within that host for suspicious activity.

host-based IDS

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_______ involves an attempt to define a set of rules or attack patterns that can be used to decide if a given behavior is that of an intruder.

Signature detection

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_______ involves the collection of data relating to the behavior of legitimate users over a period of time.

Anomaly detection

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A(n) ______ is inserted into a network segment so that the traffic that it is monitoring must pass through the sensor.

inline-sensor

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The ______ is the IDS component that examines the data collected by the sensor for signs of unauthorized or undesired activity or for events that might be of interest to the security administrator.

analyzer

On average, ________ of all possible keys must be tried in order to achieve success with a brute-force attack.

half

If the only form of attack that could be made on an encryption algorithm is brute-force, then the way to counter such attacks would be to ________ .

use longer keys

________ is a procedure that allows communicating parties to verify that received or stored messages are authentic.

message authentication

The purpose of a ________ is to produce a ?fingerprint? of a file, message, or other block of data.

hash function

A _________ is created by using a secure hash function to generate a hash value for a message and then encrypting the hash code with a private key.

digital signature

Symmetric encryption is also referred to as secret-key or single-key encryption.

true

The ciphertext-only attack is the easiest to defend against.

true

A brute-force approach involves trying every possible key until an intelligible translation of the ciphertext into plaintext is obtained.

true

AES uses a Feistel structure.

false

Each block of 64 plaintext bits is encoded independently using the same key? is a description of the CBC mode of operation.

false

Timing attacks are only applicable to RSA.

false

Using PKCS (public-key cryptography standard), when RSA encrypts the same message twice, different ciphertexts will be produced.

true

The Diffie-Hellman algorithm depends for its effectiveness on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms

true

A key exchange protocol is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack if it does not authenticate the participants.

true

Just like RSA can be used for signature as well as encryption, Digital Signature Standard can also be used for encryption

false

In general, public key based encryption is much slower than symmetric key based encryption.

true

________ is the original message or data that is fed into the encryption process as input.

plaintext

Which of the following would allow an attack that to know the (plaintext of) current message must be the same as one previously transmitted because their ciphtertexts are the same?A. CBC B. ECB C. CFB D. OFB

________ is a term that refers to the means of delivering a key to two parties that wish to exchange data without allowing others to see the key.

Key distribution technique

Which of the following feature can only be provided by public-key cryptography?A. Confidentiality protection B. Integrity protection C. Non-repudiation D. None of the above

Cryptographic systems are generically classified by _______.A. the type of operations used for transforming plaintext to ciphertext B. the number of keys used C. the way in which the plaintext is processed D. all of the above

________ attacks have several approaches, all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.

mathematical

________ are analogous to a burglar guessing a safe combination by observing how long it takes to turn the dial from number to number.

timing attacks

_________ was the first published public-key algorithm.

Diffie-helman

The principal attraction of ________ compared to RSA is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller bit size, thereby reducing processing overhead.

ECC

SHA is perhaps the most widely used family of hash functions.

true

SHA-1 is considered to be very secure.

false

HMAC can be proven secure provided that the embedded hash function has some reasonable cryptographic strengths.

true

The additive constant numbers used in SHA-512 are random-looking and are hardcoded in the algorithm.

true

The strong collision resistance property subsumes the weak collision resistance property.

true

Cryptographic hash functions generally execute faster in software than conventional encryption algorithms such as DES and AES.

true

A hash function such as SHA-1 was not designed for use as a MAC and cannot be used directly for that purpose because it does not rely on a secret key.

true

It is a good idea to use sequentially increasing numbers as challenges in security protocols.

false

Assuming that Alice and Bob have each other?s public key. In order to establish a shared session key, Alice just needs to generate a random k, encrypt k using Bob?s public key, and send the encrypted k to Bob and then Bob will know he has a key shared with Alice.

false

In security protocol, an obvious security risk is that of impersonation.

true

In Kerberos, the authentication server shares a unique secret key with each authorized computer on the network.

true

In Kerberos, each human user has a master key shared with the authentication server, and the key is usually derived from the user's password.

true

In Kerberos, the purpose of using ticket-granting-ticket (TGT) is to minimize the exposure of a user?s master key.

true

Kerberos ticket-granting ticket is never expired.

false

Kerberos does not support inter-realm authentication.

false

SHA-1 produces a hash value of _______ bits.

160

Issued as RFC 2104, _______ has been chosen as the mandatory-to-implement MAC for IP Security.

HMAC

The DSS makes use of the _______ and presents a new digital signature technique, the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA).

SHA-1

The purposes of a security protocol include:A. Authentication B. Key-exchange C. Negotiate crypto algorithms and parameters D. All the above

Which of the following scenario requires a security protocol:A. log in to mail.google.com B. connecting to work from home using a VPN C. Both A and B

In IPSec, packets can be protected using ESP or AH but not both at the same time.

false

In IPSec, if A uses DES for traffic from A to B, then B must also use DES for traffic from B to A.

false

In IPSec, the sequence number is used for preventing replay attacks.

true

Most browsers come equipped with SSL and most Web servers have implemented the protocol.

true

Even web searches have (often) been in HTTPS.

true

In a wireless network, traffic is broadcasted into the air, and so it is much easier to sniff wireless traffic compared with wired traffic.

true

Compared with WEP, WPA2 has more flexible authentication and stronger encryption schemes.

true

iOS has no vulnerability.

false

In iOS, each file is encrypted using a unique, per-file key.

true

In iOS, an app can run its own dynamic, run-time generated code.

false

The App Store review process can guarantee that no malicious iOS app is allowed into the store for download.

false

In iOS, each app runs in its own sandbox.

true

In Android, all apps have to be reviewed and signed by Google.

false

In Android, an app will never be able to get more permission than what the user has approved.

false

Since Android is open-source, each handset vendor can customize it, and this is good for security (hint: consider security updates).

false

The most complex and important part of TLS is the ________.

handshake protocol

_______ is a list that contains the combinations of cryptographic algorithms supported by the client.

CipherSuite

ESP supports two modes of use: transport and ________.

tunnel

A benefit of IPsec is ________.A. that it is below the transport layer and transparent to applications B. there is no need to revoke keying material when users leave the organization C. it can provide security for individual users if needed D. all of the above

The ______ field in the outer IP header indicates whether the association is an AH or ESP security association.

protocol identifier

A cookie can be used to authenticate a user to a web site so that the user does not have to type in his password for each connection to the site.

true

Malicious JavaScripts is a major threat to browser security.

true

XSS is possible when a web site does not check user input properly and use the input in an outgoing html page.

true

XSS can perform many types of malicious actions because a malicious script is executed at user?s browser.

true

XSRF is possible when a user has a connection to a malicious site while a connection to a legitimate site is still alive.

true

In XSRF, the malicious site can send malicious script to execute in the user?s browser by embedding the script in a hidden iframe.

true

It is easy for the legitimate site to know if a request is really from the (human) user.

false

SQL injection attacks only lead to information disclosure.

false

Using an input filter to block certain characters is an effective way to prevent SQL injection attacks.

false

SQL injection is yet another example that illustrates the importance of input validation.

true

Organizational security objectives identify what IT security outcomes should be achieved.

true

Since the responsibility for IT security is shared across the organization, there is a risk of inconsistent implementation of security and a loss of central monitoring and control.

true

Legal and regulatory constraints may require specific approaches to risk assessment.

true

One asset may have multiple threats and a single threat may target multiple assets.

true

It is likely that an organization will not have the resources to implement all the recommended controls.

true

The IT security management process ends with the implementation of controls and the training of personnel.

false

The relative lack of success in bringing cybercriminals to justice has led to an increase in their numbers, boldness, and the global scale of their operations.

true

The purpose of the privacy functions is to provide a user protection against discovery and misuse of identity by other users.

true

An IT security plan should include details of ________.A. risks B. recommended controls C. responsible personnel D. all of the above

______ is a function that removes specific identifying information from query results, such as last name and telephone number, but creates some sort of unique identifier so that analysts can detect connections between queries.

Anonymization