Quiz Questions (exam 2)

Question 1

Which of the following is not a catecholamine?

norepinephrine
epinephrine
glutamine
dopamine

Answer 1

Glutamine

Question 2

increases in DA or NE in the nerve terminal decreases the action of tyrosine hyrdroxylase. What effect would this have?

Answer 2

decrease rate of catecholamine synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following most accurately represents the synthesis of catecholamines?

Answer 3

Tyrosine-> DOPA -> dopamine -> norepinephrine

Question 4

A group of mice is given reserpine as part of an experiment. Behaviorally, these animals would be expected to show

Answer 4

sedation

Question 5

The primary means of inactivating catecholamines at the synapse

Answer 5

reuptake by transporter proteins

Question 6

Which receptors stimulate adenylate cyclase?

Answer 6

B1- and B2-adrenoceptors

Question 7

Why are adrenergic agonists and antagonists important in the treatment of many nonpsychiatric medical conditions?

Answer 7

the widespread locations of these receptors on multiple organs

Question 8

In the CNS, dopaminergic cell bodies are found primarily in the _______, whereas adrenergic cell bodies are found in the

Answer 8

midbrain; pons and medulla

Question 9

D1 and D2 receptors have the same effect on the enzyme adenyl cyclase

Answer 9

False

Question 10

In mice, knocking out the dopamine transporter results in mice that are

Answer 10

more hyperactive than wild type mice

Question 11

Which of the following enzymes is used to identify serotonergic neurons?

Answer 11

TPH

Question 12

Most dietary tryptophan is turned into this molecule, which is implicated in some forms of neurodegeneration

Answer 12

Kynurenine

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding MDMA is false?

it has definitely been shown to produce degeneration of nerve fibers in all human users
it is a Schedule I substance
it produces a state of altered consciousness
it has been proposed as an adjunct to psychotherapy for PTSD

Answer 13

it has definitely been shown to produce degeneration of nerve fibers in all human users

Question 14

Most serotonin receptors are ______ and utilize _____

Answer 14

metabotropic, second messengers

Question 15

A mouse is tested in the elevated plus-maze and shows extreme anxiety compared to other mice. From this observation you surmise that this mouse likely

Answer 15

is a 5-HT1A-knockout mouse.

Question 16

What enzyme is used to identify cholinergic neurons?

Answer 16

choline acetyltransferase

Question 17

You treat a synapse with a cholinergic neuron with a drug but you forget which one. You observe ACh in the synaptic terminal but not loaded in vesicles. Which of the following could be occurring?

Answer 17

The vesicular transporter VAChT is blocked by the drug vesamicol.

Question 18

Black widow spider venom produces its effects by _______, while botulinum toxin causes its effects by _______.

Answer 18

causing massive release of ACh; preventing release of ACh

Question 19

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 19

involves an autoimmune process that blocks acetylcholine receptors

Question 20

Because cholinergic interneurons are clustered in the _______, changes in cholinergic function can affect _______.

Answer 20

striatum; movement

Question 21

Pyridostigmine can be used as an antidote to sarin because

Answer 21

temporary interactions between pyridostigmine and AChE prevent it from being permanently inactivated by sarin

Question 22

What type of compound would reduce the availability of NE?

Answer 22

Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor

Question 23

The dopaminergic neurons originate in which two regions?

Answer 23

Substantial nigra, ventral tegmental area

Question 24

Which type of adrenoreceptor uses the phosphoinositide second-messenger system?

Answer 24

a1 subtype receptors

Question 25

How does Prozac work?

Answer 25

By blocking the 5-HT transporter

Question 26

Most serotonergic neurons in the CNS are located in the

Answer 26

Cerebral cortex

Question 27

What is the most consistently observed behavioral effect in TPH2 knockout mice

Answer 27

Increase in aggressive behavior

Question 28

Which chemical could be used to identify the location of cholinergic neurons?

Answer 28

Choline acetyltransferase

Question 29

What is the active ingredient in curare?

Answer 29

Muscle nAChRs antagonist

Question 30

What is the role of astrocytes in the glutamatergic system?

Answer 30

They “recycle” glutamate by converting it to glutamine

Question 31

Glycine and d-serine are co-agonists with glutamate at _____ receptors

Answer 31

NMDA

Question 32

A neuron that co-releases GABA and glycine would contain which of these chemicals?

Answer 32

VGAT + VGLUT2

Question 33

Which of the following is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAa receptor?

Answer 33

BDZ

Question 34

What do the 10 classes of drugs in the DSM-5 substance-related disorders have in common?

Answer 34

They can activate neural pathways that mediate the reward system

Question 35

The addiction potential of a drug is positively correlated with the

Answer 35

Speed of onset of euphoria or “high”

Question 36

For which class of drugs is the dopaminergic system required for the rewarding effects

Answer 36

Psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine

Question 37

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by which two enzyme systems?

Answer 37

Cytochrome 450 and Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 38

Acute alcohol administration ______ the effect of glutamate at NMDA receptors, and ______ glutamate release in the brain

Answer 38

Decreases, decreases