Quiz questions patho final Flashcards
(70 cards)
A patient has a blood pressure of 146/92. What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Insert whole number only
110
A 65-year-old male with a history of untreated hypertension is now experiencing left-sided heart failure. The FNP knows that untreated hypertension can lead to:
myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling
ventricular dilation and wall thinning
inhibited renin and aldosterone release
alteration in beta cell functioning
myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling
A patient has been researching cardiac cells on the internet. Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding. Due to anaerobic metabolism, cardiac cells can with stand ischemic conditions for ________ minutes before irreversible cell injury occurs.
15
30
10
20
20
A 55-year-old male died of a myocardial infarction. Autopsy would most likely reveal:
embolization of plaque from the aorta
decreased ventricular filling time
platelet aggregaion and a clot that completely occluded an atherosclerotic coronary artery
smooth muscle dysplasia within the coronary artery
platelet aggregaion and a clot that completely occluded an atherosclerotic coronary artery
A 50-year-old male was admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). He is being treated for cardiogenic shock. His symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia and tachypnea. His skin is pale and cool. The primary cause of this shock is most likely:
increased capillary permiabiity
decreased afterload due to vasodilitation
decreased cardiac contractility
the rapid heart rate
decreased cardiac contractility
The patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis to begin to develop. How should the FNP respond? “In general, atherosclerosis is caused by:
an increase in anti-thrombotic substances
high serum cholesterol levels
endothelial injury and inflammation
a congenital defect
endothelial injury and inflammation
The _________ complex represents the sum of all ventricular cell depolarization.
QRS
Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery would interrupt blood supply to the:
left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum
upper right ventricle, right marginal branch and right ventricle to the apex
left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle
posterior interventricular sulcus and smaller branches of both ventricles
left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum
Depolarization of a cardiac muscle occurs as a result of (think of the action potential):
a decrease in permiability of the cell
membrane to potassium
rapid movement of calcium out of the cells
decrease in movement of sodium out of the cells
rapid movement of sodium into the cell
rapid movement of sodium into the cell
As stated by the Frank-starling law, there is a direct relationship between the ___________ of blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the __________ of the contraction during the next systole.
viscosity, strength
viscosity, force
volume, strength
pressure, force
volume, strength
The primary brain abnormality in Parkinsons disease:
1. is degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons
2. a previous history of taking anti-psychotic medications
3. a tendency to develop cerebral hemorrhage
4. a lack of acetylcholine
- degeneration of dopamine neurons
Myasthenia gravis is all of the following EXCEPT:
1. most commonly seen in early adulthood
2. is more common in women than men
3. caused by anti-body meditated loss of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction
4. an autoimmune condition
5. a self-limiting disease
- a self limiting disease
A hemorrhagic stroke is:
-most often seen in patients in atrial fibrillation
-the most frequently fatal stroke
-caused by plaque build-up in the carotid arteries
The most recently fatal stroke
A patient arrives in the Emergency Department with stroke symptoms. What is the primary information to obtain?
Have you ever had a heart attack?
What did you eat for breakfast?
Have you been in the hospital before?
When did the symptoms start?
When did the symptoms start?
A yung male suffered a closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains in a vegetative state 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping him in the vegetative state?
- The cerebellum
- The cerebral cortex
- The spinal cord
- The brainstem
The brainstem
The Monroe-Kellie hypotheses purports that there is a reciprocal relationship between the brain tissue, blood flow and _____________. When one increases, one or both of the others must decrease.
-blood pressure
-oxygenation
-cerebrospinal fluid
-blood glucose levels
Cerebrospinal fluid
A compensatory alteration in the diameter of the cerebral blood vessels in response to increased intracranial pressure is called:
herniation
vasodiliation
autoregulation
amyotrophy
Autoregulation
A patient is admitted to the neurological critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. When an intraventricular catheter is inserted the intracranial pressure (ICP) is recorded as 24 mmHg. How should this reading be interpreted? This pressure is:
borderline
lower than normal
normal
higher than normal
Higher than normal
(normal is 7-15)
A young adult was at the supermarket when she fell to the floor. Bystanders reported that she lost consciousness and her body stiffly tensed up, shook and then relaxed several times. She was most likely experiencing a(n):
absence seizure
tonic-clonic seizure
partial seizure
myoclonic seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
he patient is experiencing an increase in intracranial pressure. This increase results in:
intracranial hypotension
expansion of the cranial vault
brainstem hypoxia
ventricular swelling
Brainstem hypoxia
What nutrient should the HCP encourage the patient to consume for thyroid hormone synthesis?
zinc
calcium
sodium
Iodine
Iodine
When assessing the physical features of a patient with Cushings Disease, the HCP would expect to find:
depigmented skin and eyelid drooping
weigh loss and muscle wasting
pallor and beefy red tongue
truncal obesity and moon face
truncal obesity and moon face
A patient with small cell lung cancer is evaluated for SIADH. Which f the following electroltye imbalances would be expected with SIADH?
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
A 15-year-old female presents to the clinic with complaints of breast discharge, dysmenorrhea and excessive excitability. Tests reveal that her pituitary hormones are all elevated. What is the most likely caue of these findings?
hypothalamic inflammaion
pheochromocytoma
A pituitary adenoma
hypothalamic hyposecretion
A pituitary adenoma
