Quiz questions patho midterm Flashcards
(43 cards)
Urge incontinence is characterized by:
A) Continuous leaking of urine
B) Sudden, intense urges to urinate
C) Leakage due to weak abdominal muscles
D) Overflow of retained urine
B) Sudden, intense urges to urinate
Wilms’ tumor is a kidney cancer that primarily affects:
A) Elderly adults
B) Middle-aged men
C) Children
D) Pregnant women
C - Wilms’ tumor is a rare kidney cancer in children.
Factors that determine the osmotic pressure include all of the following except:
A. the permeability of the cell membrane
B. the size of the molecule
C. the charge of the molecule
D. the molecule’s concentration gradien
C. the charge of the molecule
What of the electrolytes is found in the highest concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
sodium
calcium
potassium
chloride
Potassium
What is the client with edema at risk of developing?
pressure ulcers
increased cellular oxygenation
hypotension
bradycardia
Pressure Ulcers
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments is determined by:
plasma oncotic pressure
osmotic forces
buffer systems
antidiuretic hormone
Osmotic forces
Which of the following patients is most at risk of developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
diuretic use
hyoaldosteronism
dehydration
vomiting
dehydration
Which of the following patients is most at risk of developing hypochloremia? A patient with:
hypercalcemia
hypernatremia
increased bicarbonate intake
hypokalemia
Increased Bicarb intake
Which accurately describes electrolytes?
small lipid soluble molecules
micronutrients used to produce ATP
electrically charged molecules
large protein molecules
Electrically charged moleucules
When planning care for the elderly, the nurse must remember that the elderly are at greater risk of dehydration because they have a(n):
higher total body water volume
increased tendency toward developing edema
increase in thirst
decreased muscle mass
decreased muscle mass
A 35 year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF?
42 liters
5 liters
28 liters
65 liters
28 liters
Mutations can result in abnormal:
DNA
DNA, RNA, and proteins
proteins
RNA
DNA, RNA, and proteins
Which is true of autosomal recessive inheriance?
Cosanguinity is never present
Males and females are effected equally
One-third of offspring are affected
Males and females are effected equally
The nurse is teaching about x-linked recessive disorders. He needs to include all of the following information except:
the trait is seen much more often in females than males
the gen is passed from an affected father to all his daughters
the trait is never transmitted from father to son
the gene can be transmitted through a series of female carriers
the trait is seen much more often in females than males
The patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis. The nurse responds by stating “Cystic fibrosis is caused by a(n) _______ gene.”
autosomal recessive
The nurse is discussing the most common cause of Down’s syndrome. This is described as:
maternal translocation
paternal translocation
paternal nondisjunction
maternal nondisjunction
maternal nondisjunction
A normal male and a carrier for red-green colorblindness mate. Given that red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait, what is the likelihood of their offspring being affected?
50%
Males most affected, no females affected
females most affected, no males affected
25%
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karotype would reveal which of the following?
XX
XY
XYY
XXY
XXY
The nurse recalls the basic components of DNA include:
codons, oxygen and cytosine
a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases
adenine, guanine, ad purine
pentose sugars and four nitrogenous bases
a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases
A 42-year-old female presents to the Emergency Room with dyspnea, rapid, shallow breathing, respiratory crackles, decreased lung compliance and hypoxemia. Test reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Malignant respiratory failure
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Postoperative respiratory failure
Sarcoidosis
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A 20-year-old male presents to the Emergency Room with complaints of sudden onset of right sided chest pain and shortness of breath that occurred while he was riding his bicycle. He is 6 ft. 5 inches tall and weighs 150 pounds. A chest x-ray reveals a pneumothorax. This type of pneumothorax is called a:
spontaneous pneumothorax
sudden pneumothorax
tension pneumothorax
traumatic pneumothorax
spontaneous pneumothorax
COPD is a term that includes the following diseases. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
chronic bronchitis
emhysema
pulmonary fibrosis
pneumonia
pulmonary artery hypertension
chronic bronchitis
emhysema
In an effort to decrease the work of breathing in a patient diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, the HCP will note all of the following EXCEPT
Kussmaul’s respirations
shallow respirations with decreased tidal volume
maintenence of a normal minute volume
rapid respirations
Kussmaul’s respirations
The pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a marked increase in goblet cells
inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis of the bronchiolar wall
breakdown of alveolar walls
hypersecretion of mucous in the large airways
breakdown of alveolar walls
