Quiz Three Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What were the Freemasons?
A
Recurrent, secret elite society guild organization.
2
Q
What were the three things the stone mason guild do?
A
- Protected the trade secrets of the craft, 2. Lay down procedures of learning & signaled stages of skill, 3. Provided sociability & financial support (lodges).
3
Q
What were Freemason Lodges orginially?
A
Places stone masons could stay going into town for work.
4
Q
What were the three stages of freemasonry?
A
Apprentice, Journeyman, Master
5
Q
Who was John Boswell?
A
1st British non-stone mason to be admitted to a masonry lodge
6
Q
Who was Elias Ashmole?
A
One of the first to be admitted into stonemasonry
7
Q
Difference between accepted and operative freemason members?
A
Accepted = not stone mason, operative = stone mason
8
Q
What does anomie mean?
A
Sense of isolation moving to urban centres, more alienated from one another.
9
Q
Where was the first French Lodge?
A
Bordeaux and then Paris.
10
Q
Where was the first German Lodge?
A
1st in Hamburg, established by British Merchants to strengthen relations.
11
Q
Who were the first non-Europeans to be admitted to Free Mason lodges?
A
Chief Joseph Brant and Nawab of the Carnatic
12
Q
Who was Hiram Abiff?
A
He built Solomon’s temple, believed to be the Architect of masonry.
13
Q
Who were the Rosicrucians?
A
Lodge founded in Germany, believed in alchemy and miraculous healing. Collapsed 1800 but conspiracist thinkers don’t believe they are gone.
14
Q
Who were Abbe de Bannuel and John Robison?
A
They blamed Freemasons (Barviarian illuminati) for proof of conspiracy in Europe, thought that some world government was controlling everything.
15
Q
Why was the French Revolution important for freemasons?
A
Seen as the threshold of early modern –> modern age. It was a great transformative event to an era of democratic governance. It needed a conspiracy = big events = big meaning
16
Q
What was the Barvarian Illuminati?
A
Wanted to reform German society, thought to be (one of) the forces behind Freemasonry. Conspiracsists believe they have gone underground and still exerting power.
17
Q
Organizations believed to be involved in Freemasonry
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Knight’s Templar, Barvarian Illuminati, Antisemitism, Rosicrucians, French Revolution, top 30 ranks
18
Q
Why were Indians stopped being admitted into lodges?
A
Religious conflict: Muslims vs Hindus, Muslims believed in a single deity and had no trouble adapting to Freemasonry but Hindus believed in multiple deities. Hindu also more numerous.
19
Q
Who were the five women believed to be killed by Jack the Ripper identified by Sir Melville Machaughten?
A
Mary Ann Nicholls, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, Mary Kelly.
20
Q
What were the two conspiracies that the mystery of Jack the Ripper brought together?
A
The distrust in authority and the suspicion on freemasonry, especially in Britain.
21
Q
What were the connections between all five murders?
A
They all had their throats cut first so that they would be quiet, and all brutally mutilated with increasing violence. The exception was Elizabeth Stride, who was not mutilated likely because the killer had to flee the scene and did not have time.
22
Q
Who were the suspects in the ‘Ripper was a Royal’ theory?
A
Prince Albert Victor Edward of Wales, Duke ‘Eddy’ or his friend, Kenneth Stephen.
23
Q
What was the significance of Sir William Gull?
A
Royal physician to Queen Victoria, strangely linked to every Jack the Ripper theory.
24
Q
Who accused Duke Eddy of being Jack the Ripper?
A
Dr. Thomas E. A. Stowell.
25
Why was it not likely that Duke Eddy was Jack the Ripper?
He was accounted for on every night of the murders.
26
Who accused Kenneth Stephen of being Jack the Ripper?
Michael Harrison
27
Who was Kenneth Stephen and what were the three reasons he was suspected of being Jack the Ripper?
Kenneth Stephen was Duke Eddy's tutor and suspected lover who was said to be emotionally unstable, his family was neurodivergent. 1. He was identified by the letter 'S' 2. Stephen's poetry was littered with misogyny (Kaphoozelum). 3. He could have felt despair on loosing Eddy, getting revenge on royals = murders on important dates to the royal family?
In all, Kenneth Stephen was suspected to be the 'type' to murder and was living in London at the time. Starved himself to death after Eddy died and sent to jail by Sir William Gull.
28
Why did Harrison's report raise suspicion on Duke Eddy (again)?
1. Eddy was only interested in anything when he was hanging out with his younger brother George, he was sent on a dangerous voyage uncharacteristic for an eldest son and heir. He suffered from deafness = reason for disinterested behavior? 2. Eddy's lifestyle: gay, cleveland street affair. 3. "Prince Jack"
29
What was the Cleveland Street Affair?
Homosexual brothel was raided and there were rumours that Duke Eddy could have been there.
30
Who were the suspects in the 'Ripper served the Royals' theory?
Sir William Gull, Sir Robert Anderson, and John Netley.
31
Who does the 'Ripper served the Royals' theory depend onn?
Depends on if you believe the word of Joseph Gorman, sir name Sickert.
32
What is the Ripper served the Royals theory?
Four women named Mary Kelly, Mary, Elizabeth and Catherine were murdered as a hush up because they knew about Eddy and Annie's supposed marriage and their daughter Alice, three men drove around in a carriage murdering them.
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The problem with the Ripper served the Royals theory.
1. Mutilation patterns: Why did they increase with each victim? 2. Limited amount of blood at most crime scenes - moving carriage? Victims probably strangled before hand and already dead. 3. Improbably fast mutilations - Catherine was mutilated out in the open there must have been a carriage? = no proof that the cop was that diligent and was the killer someone with anatomical knowledge? maybe but not likely. Carriage theory only applies to Catherine. 4. Geographical significance: made a pentagram! = there was originally supposed to be only four murders... Catherine Eddowes was an accident ( in the case of the Ripper served the Royals theory)
34
Objections with the Ripper served the Royals theory
(5)
1. Goal was to hush up marriage between Annie and Eddy = why would the people that knew keep quiet? 2. Why not kill Annie and Alice? 3. Why not kill Walter Sickert? 4. Why bother? Marriage was illegal in the first place. 5. Joseph Gorman said it was fake LMAO
35
9 out of this world points made by Gorman and his Freemason Redux.
1. Lord Randolph Spencer - Churchill was included, 2. Annie and Alice were attempted to be murdered but they kept getting away, 3. Eddy didn't die, he was locked away in Glamis' Castle to become a beast, 4. Daughter of the house shall be Queen - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, 5. Not for the woman he loved at all - King Edward VIII, 6. Illegitimacy - George V and Czar Nicholas II are half-brothers now, not cousins, 7. The lost prince is Gorman himself, 8. Absence of Evidence is the evidence! Lost the diary of James Maybrick but it was taken from Gorman. 9. Mary Kelly survived.
36
Vladimir Bylch Vlyanov 'Lenin'
Lived in exile in switzerland, recieved german money in hopes he would surrender war. He was a bolshevik leader and was sent back home to russian across germany. succeeds in the 2nd russian revolution but looses in the first democratic election - bolshevik group overrules winning group anyways and civil war begins.
37
What is the treaty of brest-litovsk
treaty with germany and austria, russia surrenders mass amounts of land in wwii to focus on civil war which caused allied intervention in civil war against the bolsheviks.
38
Us president woodrow wilson
promised to keep russian out of wwi only to declare war one month later, architect of the league of nations which the republican senate rejected their application to the league
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what was the committe on public info
american ministry of wartime propaganda
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historian harry elmer barnes
on committee on public info, convinced that germany was the least responsible for wwii which became popular opinion
41
the palmer raids
led by edgar hoover who would become head of FBI in pursuit of communism, hundreds of suspected commies arrested and deported, libertairan lawyers stepped in to stop the raids. ruined attorney general mitchell.
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american communist party
recognzied by USSR, both commie parties unite under order of USSr and have little recogniztion in the 20s, us tries to have communism as a weapon vs facism in germany/italy
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spanish civil war
basically us got duped into fighting for communism since they were called republicans, facist won
44
FDR new deal
attempt to tackle commies and expand federal government, threatened supreme court when they protested
45
alger hiss
recruited by commie party, senior rank in state department. FBI silently removes him from state department and revealled as a soviet spy by nixon. accused of lying under oath
46
stalin's show trials
people thought that communism was the answer to the great depression and the collapse of capitalism, many left communism after his trials which involved assassinations and exiles of commuists
47
pearl harbour conspiracy
FDR planned attack on pearl harbour and purposefully left the major aircraft carriers away from the harbour on that day since majority of americans before attack believed to stay neutral
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lend-lease and WWII
us supplied britain with old destroyers, britain gave US space for more vessels. soviet union also recieves lend lease from US and 50,000 soviet 'helpers' enter US factories
49
atom bomb spies
david greenglass, klaus fuchs (ex patriot) gave russian agent harry gold critical info on atom bombs, greenglass's sister and brother in law ethel and julius rosenberg were executed.
50
house un-american activities committe
conservative anti-new deal democrats, senate controlled by democrats and repersentative martin dies jr is the first chair
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representatvive martin dies jr.
first chair of house un-american activities committee, target the federal writers project
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federal writers project
rep. martin dies jr, early target: signature series that described the basic history of each state and territory, seen as commie
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earl browder
chair of american communist part, imprisoned for 4 yrs for possession of illegal passport wand later deported.
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targets of house of un-american committee
federal writers project, earl browder, shirley temple
55
soviet spy-ring revelation
elizabeth bently soviet spy, swore to tell everything to HUAC and her claims confirmed by venona decrypts, detection of spies made HUAC believe there must be more spies out there.
56
Elizabeth bentley
soviet spy that spilt secrets to HUAC, confirmed by Venona Decrypts and named Harry Dexter White as commie - presidne tof international monetrary fund
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Harry Dexter White
nominated by Truman to be president of international monetary fund, denyed Elizabeth's claim to be commie but died of heart attack 3 days later
58
loyalty reviews program executive order 9853
loyalty checks on 2.5 mil workers, did to make HUAC and FBI get off truman's ass about commies b/c he thought they were insanely paranoid
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smith act
illegal to abicate to overthrow the government
60
what was the era that revitalized mccarythism
the red scare, series of setbacks in american foreign policy: communism must be a threat bc otherwise why is democracy failing?
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five events of the red scare
1. russian atom bomb, 2. china turns to communism, 3. hiss perjury conviction, 4. atom bomb spies (rosenbergs executed), 5. north and south korea war: china & north vs allies & south (commie vs capital)
62
why was mccarthy an effective speaker?
'communist sympthasists', blamed fast and large growth of state department on influx of commies, claims to know an exact list and number of commies (that changes each speech)
63
roy cohn
mccarthy chief lawyer, sexually involved with david schine (made david schine's army service easy)
64
downfall of mccarthy
goes after the army, specifically army general who showed heroism on d-day, accused of being gay for covering up his roy cohn and david schine's army service and was an alcoholic = homosexual guilt?
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army-mccarthy hearings
accuse army general, president gets mad and roy cohn found to have aids (gay rip)
66
The three parts of the strength of belief in mccarthyism
1. public popular belief and republican attempts to gain control, 2. pleading the fifth was assumed as guilty, 3. justice department and FBI informants.
67
what was a witch
middle aged, outcast woman with property or riches that was denied support from people, usually in small communities
68
why was england restrained in terms of witch trials
1) state power: strong and centralized, king held authority over court and criminal law (royal monopoly of justice) and there were heavy rules in court on witchcraft. 2) containing the power of religion (puritanism, esp). contol excess religion includion and exclusion with humiliating punishments. elizabeth I and james VI/I careful not to let puritianism in colonies get out of hand
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rules against witchcraft england in court
1. no judicial torture in formal trial, 2. 2-witness rule: independent testimonies from 2 separate parties
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why was scotland so harsh in terms of witch trials
they had five major witch hunts and used judicial torture to get answers, had a form of radical protestantism and had weak royal authoritiy. James VI/I stepped up to stop witch hunt in Lancashire
71
what triggered the prosecution of witches in salem, which was otherwise restrained?
1) Fissile Tendencies. Colonies split easily and broke away since puritianism drove people away since they weren't 'pure' enough. 2) Economic Development. In urban Salem, capitalism was taking off (port town) while rural Salem was isolated and the epicentre of the 1st incident. 3) Frontier Wars. People arrived in rural Salem from the frontier after clashing with indigenous peoples. The accusing girls were from the front lines. 4) English Hostility. Colonies vs country and wanted to unite the colonies with a common enemy: puritianism vs satan
72
witch hunt collapse
sceptism on spectral evidence from the start, innocent before proven guilty. The fuel of the witch hunts was exhausted and after the govenor's wife was accused
73
what started the fear of UFOS?
New aircraft designs in the US airforce, rapid evolution in air-space tech (esp. during the cold war)
74
Kenneth Arnold
Civilian pilot who spotted saucer-like crafts for the first time, made Fate magazine
75
what were the Fu-Go Balloons?
Japan's floating fire balloons launched from japan to pacific northwest
76
Dangers of Flying Saucers
Capt. Thomas F. Martell, DC-3 passenger plane, Lt. George F. Gorman, Green fireballs near Los Alamos (atomic bomb lab)
77
Invasion of Washington
sighting on the radar but no visuals on the ground, thought to be something seen from the plane but was later disproved as just changes in temperature by J. Allen Hynek.
78
Three projects by USAF
Project Sign (short, headed by Gen. Hoyt Vanderburg), Project Grudge (longer, formally adopted UFO term, couldn't figure out ET motivation), Project Blue Book (headed by J. Allen Hynek, trained astronomer and longest lived USAF investigatory body. Explained away UFO spottings.)
79
skybattles
visions of english civil war in sky
80
reformation and beyond
nuremberg and basel, later austria and linz: clashes between the sun and moon, between catholic and protestantism
81
foo-fighters
mysterious visual phenomena that accompanied bombing raids in later WWII. they were never explained, came late in the war and associated with bombings at high altitudes.
82
russia and space
developed quicker than US, launched first satellite and people were scared of the growing 'missile gap', but USA got the first man on the moon.
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