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WC Medical Assisting Program > Quiz Two > Flashcards

Quiz Two Flashcards

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1
Q

I Olfactory

A

Smell

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2
Q

II Optic

A

Vision

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3
Q

III Oculomotor

A

Eye movement, pupil constriction and accommodation

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4
Q

IV Trochlear

A

(motor function): Eye movement

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5
Q

V Trigeminal

A

Muscles for chewing, general sensations from the anterior half of the head, including the face and meninges

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6
Q

VII Facial

A

Muscles used for facial expressions; tearing, salivation, and taste

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7
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

Hearing and equilibrium

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8
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

Swallowing and taste

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9
Q

X Vagus

A

Breathing, speech, sweating, regulating heartbeat, stimulating muscles of the gastric region

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10
Q

XI Spinal accessory

A

Shoulder and head movements

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11
Q

XII Hypoglossal

A

Tongue movements

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12
Q

Parts of the integumentary system

A

Hair, nails, skin glands

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13
Q

Four ways that the integumentary system protects the body

A
  1. Covers & protects the body surface
  2. Lines body cavities & covers organs
  3. Lines the inside surfaces of hollow systems such as the digestive, respiratory, & reproductive organs
  4. Connects structures (bones to organs)
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14
Q

True or false: burns are classified according to the depth of the burn

A

True

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of the burn degrees

A

1st degree: red, painful, dry, no blisters.

2nd degree: red, blisters, and swollen; scars may form. Causes severe pain

3rd degree: appears white or blackened and charred. Minimal pain due to the nerve destruction

4tg degree: no feeling in the area because the nerve endings are destroyed. Burn is leathery and dry

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16
Q

Treatments of the burns

A

First and second degree burn can be treated at home. Third and fourth degree are medical emergencies. The goal of treatment is to control pain, remove debris, prevent infection and complications, keep the pt hydrated, reduce scarring, and help regain the area’s function.

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17
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Basal
  3. Melanoma
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18
Q

What are the early warning signs of melanoma? ABCDE

A

A: Asymmetry: one half of the mole does not match the other half

B: Border: the edges of the mole are blurred or irregular

C: Color: the mole is not the same color throughout and has shades of tan, brown, black, red, white, or blue

D: Diameter: the mole is larger than 6mm, about the size of a pencil eraser or pea: but it could be smaller

E: Evolving: the mole changes over time

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19
Q

What are decubitus ulcers?

A

Decubitus ulcers are areas of damaged skin caused by long term pressure against the skin that limits blood flow.

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20
Q

What is the cause of decubitus ulcers?

A

They can be caused by friction, shearing, and continued pressure on the skin.

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21
Q

What are the stages of decubitus ulcers and what do they look like?

A

Stage 1: area is red and painful

Stage 2: blisters or an open sore is present.

Stage 3: a crater (an open, sunken hole) is present. Tissue below the skin is infected.

Stage 4: damage affects the muscle, bone, tendons, or joints

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22
Q

What are ways to prevent decubitus ulcers

A

Change position at least every 2 hours

Use foam or gel seat cushions in wheelchairs

Wear clothes that are not too tight or too loose. Make sure the fabric is smooth under the body.

Eat a high-protien diet, which includes meat, eggs, peanuts, milk, and fish

Increase fluid intake

Check the skin frequently for suspicious-looking areas.

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23
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain and the functions of each?

A

Frontal lobes: these lobes are responsible for personality, intelligence, concentration, self-awareness, problem solving, short-term memory, planning and judgement

Parietal lobes: these lobes are involved with reading and interpreting visual, auditory, motor, sensory, and memory signals, along with spatial and visual perception.

Occipital lobe: handle images from the eyes and connect the information with stored image memories

Temporal lobe: the top of each temporal lobe receives information from the ears and the underside of the lobe forms and retrieves sound-related memories

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24
Q

What does the autonomic system regulate?

A

It regulates involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, sweating, circulation, and digestion.

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25
What is ALS?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig disease, is a progressive neurological disorder that attacks the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS usually affects adults between 40 and 60 years of age.
26
What are treatments for ALS?
Riluzole may be prescribed to slow symptoms, and other medications may be given to slow symptoms. Physical therapy and assistive devices may be used. A feeding tube may help with the nutritional status. Assistance with breathing may also be needed. There is no cure for ALS.
27
Alzheimer's signs and symptoms
They begin slowly; initially, there is difficulty remembering recent activities or the names of people the person knows. Affects thinking, reasoning, making judgments and decisions, memory, performing familiar tasks, personality, and behavior. Personality changes, aggression, and wandering away from home can occur.
28
What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
MS is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord
29
When does MS often occur?
Between the ages 20 to 40 and affects females more than males.
30
How many types of MS are there?
Four.
31
What are treatments of MS?
There is no cure for MS. Slow progression of the disease and speed up recovery time from attacks. Corticosteroid medications may be given to reduce nerve inflammation. Ocrelizumab may be used in some cases of MS.
32
What is the description of a tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure
Losses consciousness. Tonic phase comes first (rigid muscles) then followed by clonic (jerking rapidly). May be incontinent of stool and urine Last 1-3 minutes; sleepy confused afterwards
33
What is the description for Focal Aware seizures
Awake and alert during seizure: lasts less than 2 minutes
34
How are hemorrhagic strokes treated?
Antihypertensives and surgical repair of the vessel. If a person is taking an anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication, medications to reverse the effects may be given
35
How are Ischemic strokes treated
Clot dissolving medications that help the body break down the clot that is blocking the artery. The clot can also be removed by surgery if needed
36
What is a concussion
Mild form of traumatic brain injury and is the most common type of sports injury
37
What is a contusion
Bruising or swelling of the brain that occurs when small cerebral blood vessels bleed into brain tissue
38
What glands are part of the endocrine system?
Pineal Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenals Pancreas Testes Ovaries
39
What does thyroxine do?
Regulates metabolism and increases the basal metabolic rate. It supports the activities of growth hormones
40
What does calcitonin do?
Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
41
What does mineralocorticoids regulate?
The electrolytes in the body
42
What does glucocorticoids regulate?
Protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism
43
What does gonadocorticoids regulate
Small amounts of male sex hormones are secreted and responsible for some of the secondary sexual characteristics in both males and females during puberty.
44
What causes diabetes insipidus
Hyposecretion of ADH. The hypothalamus does not produce enough and the pituitary gland does not release a sufficient amount of it.
45
What is the diagnostic procedure for diabetes insipidus
Physical exam and may order lab tests. Water deprivation test and imaging test can also be done
46
Is there any relation between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?
No
47
Diabetes mellitus Type 1: what is the onset, use of insulin, and treatment
Any age, diagnosed between childhood and young adult years The pancreas produces very little or no insulin Insulin injections, regular exercise, frequent blood glucose monitoring, and dietary changes
48
Diabetes mellitus Type II: what is the onset, use of insulin, and treatment
More common in older adults, with the raise of obesity, children and younger adults are also diagnosed Insulin resistance occurs or the pancreas does not make enough insulin to meet the body's needs leading to hyperglycemia. Healthy eating, regular exercise, weight loss if obese, medications and glucose monitoring. Bariatric surgery if body mass index is 35 or greater
49
What are signs & symptoms of hypoglycemia
Irregular heart rhythm Pale skin, sweating, shakiness, and fatigue Irritability, hunger, and tingling sensation around the mouth Crying out while sleeping Visual disturbances and blurred vision Clumsy movements and seizures
50
What are complications of diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disease Blindness and eye conditions Neuropathy Poor healing of wounds Kidney disease Dementia Depression Periodontal disease
51
What are general senses
Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
52
What are special senses
Vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell
53
Review wb pages in photo album for anatomy of the eye.
Questions 1-7
54
Wet mascular degeneration
New abnormally formed blood vessels form under the macula. These vessels leak blood and fluid causing vision loas
55
Dry mascular degeneration (the most common)
The blood vessels under the macula become thin and brittle.
56
Cataracts: what is the etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatments
With age, the proteins in the lens begin to break down causing cloudiness. Sensitive to glare, foggy vision, difficulty seeing at night, double vision, loss of color intensity, and seeing halos around lights Change in eyeglass prescription, increased lighting, magnifying lenses and sunglasses. Surgery is the only treatment for a cataract
57
What is conjunctivitis
Pink eye. Conjunctiva is swollen and inflamed
58
What is the cause of conjunctivitis
Bacterial or viral infections, allergies, an irritant ( smoke, dust) and dry eyes
59
Signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis
Blurred vision and sensitivity to light Eye pain, itching, and a gritty feeling in the eye Redness in the eye and increased tearing
60
What are the diagnostic procedures for conjunctivitis
Examine the eyes and may take a swab of any secretions for analysis
61
Treatment for conjunctivitis
Cool compresses and antihistamine eye drops may be used related to allergies. Antibiotics are used when its from bacteria. Viral infections will go away on its own
62
What are the types of refractive errors and the signs & symptoms of each
Astigmatism: difficulty seeing fine details, either close or from a far distance Hyperopia: aching eyes, blurred near vision, eye strain and headache while reading Myopia: blurred distant vision, squinting, eye strain and headache Presbyopia: decreased focusing ability for near objects, eyestrain and headaches
63
Anatomy of the ear and what is the function of the eustachian tube
Malleus, incus, and stapes Helps equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside environment, proper sound waves transfer. Opens in the middle of the ear to the throat. Can cause middle ear infection
64
What is vertigo, where is it caused in the ear, and what are the symptoms
Causes people to feel as if they are spinning or that everything around them is spinning. Caused in the inner ear Triggered by moving the head, lasts a few seconds Loss of balance Nausea and vomiting Visual problems, such as items jumping or moving Hearing loss
65
What are the three kinds of ear infections, the signs and symptoms of them and treatments
Otitis externa: inflammation of outer ear Drainage from the ear, hearing loss, ear pain, itching of the ear or canal Antibiotic, corticosteroid, and acetic acid ear drops and analgesics Otitis media: middle ear infection Ear pain, fullness in ear, nasal congestion, cough lethargic, vomiting , diarrhea, loss of appetite Clear up without treatment. Antibiotics can be given. Can lead to a myringotomy and placement of ear tubes Otitis interna: inflammation of inner ear Dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, difficulty with balance and walking, hearing loss and ear pain Antibiotics for bacterial infection, analgesic, steroids to reduce inflammation and medications to control nausea
66
What are the signs and symptoms of hearing loss and the treatments
May experience muffling of sounds and difficulty hearing words with background noise. Television and radio volumes may need to be increased. A person may withdraw from conversations and avoid some social gatherings Most hearing loss cannot be reversed. Impacted cerumen, it will be removed. Some can be treated with surgery such as ossicle procedures and myringotomy. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are also used for hearing loss.

WC Medical Assisting Program (5 decks)

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