Quizzes

Question 1

One way you may assess a patient’s readiness to go home from a rehabilitation setting is by determining their ability to get in and out of a car. The task is scored with the scale below. Researchers want to determine the reliability of the scale by having PTs transfer patients and make judgments of the level of assistance required. Which one is the most appropriate statistic to use, based on the type of measurement scale?

Level of Assistance Transfer scale:
5 = Independent
4 = Stand by Assistance
3 = Minimal Assistance
2 = Moderate Assistance
1= Maximal Assistance
0 = Unable to Perform

A. Cronbach’s alpha
B. Weighted Kappa
C. Kappa
D. ICC

Answer 1

B. Weighted Kappa

Question 2

A hypothetical study about the reliability of a clinical test reports that the intra-rater reliability is ICC = 0.82. Which of the following statements is the correct interpretation of this finding?
A. The test has unacceptable reliability for multiple raters
B. The test has good reliability in the hands of one rater
C. The test has good reliability in the hands of multiple raters
D. The test has unacceptable reliability for a single rater

Answer 2

B. The test has good reliability in the hands of one rater

Question 3

A physical therapist was interested in determining the reliability of range of motion measurements of the shoulder using a goniometer. The same PT took the same measurement twice in the same treatment session with multiple patients. Which of the following describes the type of study and measurements (and appropriate statistics)?

A. interrater and continuous data (ICC)
B. intrarater and continuous data (ICC)
C. interrater and ordinal data (weighted kappa)
D. intrarater and ordinal data (weighted kappa)

Answer 3

B. intrarater and continuous data (ICC)

Question 4

A patient is completing a questionnaire in your clinic. A question requires the patient to indicate their marital status (single, divorced, separated, widowed, etc…). This is an example of what type of data?
A. ordinal
B. ratio
C. interval
D. nominal

Answer 4

D. nominal

Question 5

The original Oswestry low back pain questionnaire included a question that asked patients to rate the impact of their low back pain on their sexual activity. Many patients refused to answer this question. This is an example of how the developers of the Oswestry failed to address what property when developing this question in the tool ?
A. Interpretability
B. Acceptability
C. Reliability
D. Feasibility

Answer 5

B. Acceptability

Question 6

A screening tool that you use for patients has questions that ask about recent thoughts or behaviors. An example is: “I’m constantly worried, nervous, or stressed.” What is being assessed, based on the ICF model?
A. activities
B. body functions and structures
C. participation
D. personal factors

Answer 6

D. personal factors

Question 7

Which of the following measurements is an example of a secondary outcome measure for physical therapy services?

A. 20-meter walk test, a common performance-based measure to quantify walking speed
B. Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a 100-point scale that determines how engaged a patient is in their own health care
C. Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) questionnaire, an 11-item measure that quantifies and differentiates levels of intermittent and constant pain
D. EQ-5D, a standardized measure of health-related quality of life that can be used in all populations

Answer 7

B. Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a 100-point scale that determines how engaged a patient is in their own health care

Question 8

All of the following statements are advantages of generic outcome measures EXCEPT:

A. They can be used for a broad range of patients.
B. They are very sensitive to change from a physical therapy intervention
C. They can detect unexpected benefits of physical therapy intervention.
D. They reduce the need for multiple tool since they often contain multiple dimensions of health.

Answer 8

B. They are very sensitive to change from a physical therapy intervention

Question 9

Which of the following is justification for you to have a strong foundation in functional outcomes measurement?
A. Payments for physical therapy services by Medicare and insurance companies are increasingly tied to standardized outcome measurements.
B. Physical therapists who make clinical decisions based on measurements of activity and participation follow best practices.
C. Physical therapists who use standardized outcome measurements should able detect if interventions lead to meaningful change.
D. All of the above.

Answer 9

D. All of the above.

Question 10

An outcome measure includes items that assess walking, bed mobility, and sit-to-stand transfers. This assesses what aspect of the ICF model?
A. activities
B. participation
C. body structures
D. body functions

Answer 10

A. activities

Question 11

Which of the following is the term that is calculated from the ICC or r-value that describes the measurement error in same units as the original measurement?
A. Standard error of the mean
B. Minimal clinically important difference
C. Standard error of the measurement
D. Minimal detectable change

Answer 11

C. Standard error of the measurement

Question 12

The Gross Motor Function Measure as an outcome tool that measures changes gross motor function over time and is commonly used to track motor development in children. What type of data is helpful to determine if a child would benefit from physical therapy intervention?
A. normative data by age
B. nominal data of current activities
C. minimal clinically important difference
D. intraclass correlation coefficients

Answer 12

A. normative data by age

Question 13

A study of physical therapist management of plantar fasciitis indicated that one of the outcome measurements could not detect continued improvement in 5 out of 30 subjects. Which of the following measurement properties does this finding reflect?
A. Measurement error
B. Responsiveness
C. A ceiling effect
D. A floor effect

Answer 13

C. A ceiling effect

Question 14

The smallest amount of change identified by a reliable measurement of the patient’s condition is referred to quantitatively as the ________________.
A. standard error of the mean
B. minimal clinically important difference
C. standard error of the measurement
D. minimal detectable change

Answer 14

D. minimal detectable change

Question 15

Which of the following is true about effect size?

A. It can be calculated on nominal level data but not interval level data.
B. It can be used to compare the effects of a treatment within a group of patients but not between groups of patients.
C. If the variability (standard deviation) in the data is large, the effect size will be large.
D. It allows comparisons of change in outcomes that have been measured using different types of scales

Answer 15

D. It allows comparisons of change in outcomes that have been measured using different types of scales

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a mediator?

A. The mediator reflects the changes you hope to see with the PT intervention.
B. The mediator typically refers to the primary outcome.
C. The mediator refers to the outcome score below which further decline is not measureable.
D. The mediator partially explains the relationship between the intervention and the outcome.

Answer 16

D. The mediator partially explains the relationship between the intervention and the outcome.

Question 17

This psychometric property represents the relationship between different items that measure different aspects of the same construct and is quantified as Cronbach’s α.
A. Interpretability
B. Responsiveness
C. Dimensionality
D. Internal consistency

Answer 17

D. Internal consistency

Question 18

Which of the following is the least important priority in creating a long-term goal?

A. Ensure the long-term goal is measureable.
B. Ensure the long-term goal addresses an activity limitation.
C. Ensure the long-term goal is time-based.
D. Ensure the long-term goal addresses the primary body function impairment.

Answer 18

D. Ensure the long-term goal addresses the primary body function impairment.

Question 19

You look up the psychometric properties of an outcome measure for a patient’s condition. It is reported to have a minimal detectable change (MDC) of 8 points and a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 5 points. What is the minimal change in points that you should use when writing a goal to ensure an important change occurred?
A. 16
B. 10
C. 5
D. 8

Answer 19

D. 8

Question 20

Researchers used a specific cut-off score for patient responses on a Global Measure of Change scale to determine a clinically important change on the Six-Minute Walk Test in people who had a total knee replacement 2 months ago. This an example of using what type of research approach to evaluate determine the MCID?
A. Anchor based
B. Distribution based
C. Gold Standard based
D. Correlation based

Answer 20

A. Anchor based