Quizzes

Question 1

Sensory neurons (such as photoreceptors in the eye) fire action potentials or change neurotransmitter release in response to…

Answer 1

Environmental stimuli

Question 2

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries information about what into the brain?

Answer 2

Audition (sound)

Question 3

Moving your right hand is controlled by…

Answer 3

Left motor cortex

Question 4

This structure in the brain is associated with emotional learning and a fear response.

Answer 4

Amygdala

Question 5

If you had a stroke that damaged your occipital lobe, which sense would be most likely to be impaired?

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

If a participant were holding two different weights in their hands and could tell the difference between 80- and 82-gram weights, but not between 80- and 81-gram weights, then the JND would be _______ gram(s).

Answer 6

2

Question 7

In signal detection theory, the _______ is a value that defines the ease with which an observer can tell the difference between the presence and absence of a stimulus, or the difference between stimulus 1 and stimulus 2.

Answer 7

sensitivity

Question 8

Stevens’ power law describes the relationship between a _______ and a(n) _______.

Answer 8

stimulus; sensation

Question 9

Airport security is very tight. If a traveler even jokes about a bomb, they are detained and questioned to ensure that no real terrorist threat succeeds. In terms of signal detection theory, airport security would rather have a _______ than a _______.

Answer 9

false alarm; miss

Question 10

For the previous question - this means airport security has a ____________.

Answer 10

Low response criterion

Question 11

Accommodation is the process during which the _____ of the ye changes its shape.

Answer 11

lens

Question 12

A neuron will not fire if a stimulus does not activate its

Answer 12

receptive field

Question 13

If the M ganglion cells in the retina suddenly disappeared, what would be the consequences for perception?

Answer 13

Motion perception would be severely impaired.

Question 14

If the optic nerve is severed, which retinal cells are damaged?

Answer 14

Ganglion cells

Question 15

In presbyopia, the lens becomes stiff with age and cannot change its shape. What is the perceptual consequence of this change?

Answer 15

It may become difficult to focus on objects at certain depths.

Question 16

Lateral inhibition is the

Answer 16

antagonistic neural interaction between adjacent regions of the retina

Question 17

Suppose your pupils are dilated after visiting the eye doctor. What is the effect on the amount of photopigment in your photoreceptors, and why?

Answer 17

You have less photopigment than normal because your photoreceptors are trying to adapt to the increased amount of light striking the retina.

Question 18

The high-resolution part of the eye that is used for detailed vision is called the

Answer 18

fovea

Question 19

Which of the following is a specialized retinal cell responsible for lateral inhibition?

Answer 19

Horizontal cell

Question 20

Which stimulus would optimally activate an OFF-center ganglion cell?

Answer 20

A shadow in the center of the receptive field

Question 21

Cortical magnification is the ____ devoted to a specific region in the visual field.

Answer 21

amount of cortical area

Question 22

Hubel and Wiesel uncovered some important properties of the ___ of neurons in the striate cortex.

Answer 22

receptive fields

Question 23

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the scren are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Answer 23

high frequencies

Question 24

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Answer 24

The infant’s visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to high contrast images.

Question 25

if two objects appear near each other in the world, they will also be processed by cells near each other

Answer 25

on the retina, in the LGN, and in the striate cortex

Question 26

No single neuron receives input from both eyes until the

Answer 26

striate cortex

Question 27

Spatial frequency refers to the

Answer 27

number of cycles of a grating per unit of visual angle

Question 28

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Answer 28

adaptation

Question 29

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Answer 29

orientation tuning

Question 30

Which stimulus would a striate cortex neuron respond to most vigorously?

Answer 30

an oriented bar of light

Question 31

A major problem with template (exemplar) theories of object recognition is that

Answer 31

we cannot possibly store enough templates in memory to match every object we might encounter

Question 32

Evidence indicates that structures in ___ cortex are especially important in end-stage object recognition processes.

Answer 32

inferotemporal

Question 33

If you adapt to a face that has highly contracted features, and you are next presented with an "average" face, the features on that face will appear

Answer 33

expanded

Question 34

Gestalt psychologists emphasize that

Answer 34

the perceptual whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 35

recognition by components breaks down objects into component parts in order to match them with a mental representation of an object category. These component parts are called

Answer 35

geons

Question 36

What is the term for a type of machine learning in which a computer can be trained on a set of known objects and then later can recognize objects it has never seen before?

Answer 36

deep neural network (DNN)

Question 37

Which Gestalt grouping cue explains why a flock of birds flying in in formation are perceived to be grouped?

Answer 37

common fate

Question 38

Which of the following is a subordinate-level object category term?

Answer 38

Toyota Prius

Question 39

Which of the following is a viewing position that produces some regularity in the visual image that is not present in the world?

Answer 39

Accidental viewpoint

Question 40

Prosopagnosia is a neuropsychological disorder in which the patient

Answer 40

cannot identify faces, but can recognize other types of objects

Question 41

A(n) ___ is a visual image seen after the stimulus has been removed

Answer 41

afterimage

Question 42

According to the ___ theory, the color of any light is defined in our visual system by the relationships among three numbers of a set.

Answer 42

trichromacy

Question 43

How many lights (of the correct type) are required to match any color that humans can see?

Answer 43

Three

Question 44

If a video game labels friendly characters as green and enemy characters as red, who might have a hard time seeing the difference between friendly and enemy characters?

Answer 44

both deuteranopes and protonopes

Question 45

RGB televisions and computer monitors have red, green, and blue pixels. Why don't they have yellow pixels?

Answer 45

Red + green is a metamer for yellow, so the red and green pixels can be lighted up together to cause the perception of yellow.

Question 46

Suppose a new ethnic group is discovered and their language only has four color words. Which color is least likely to be one of the color terms in that language?

Answer 46

Tan

Question 47

Suppose you have a red surface and want it to seem as red as possible. What sort of background should you put behind it, according to the color contrast effect?

Answer 47

Green

Question 48

The tendency of a surface to appear the same color under a fairly wide range of illuminations is known as

Answer 48

color constancy

Question 49

What is the function relating the wavelength of light to the percentage of that wavelength that is reflected form the surface?

Answer 49

Spectral reflectance function

Question 50

Which color pair is farthest apart in wavelength?

Answer 50

Blue and red

Question 51

A(n) _____ is an image that appears distorted unless viewed from a very specific angle.

Answer 51

anamorphic projection

Question 52

If the two eyes are not aligned properly the brain tends to ignore information from one eye. This phenomenon is known as

Answer 52

suppression

Question 53

___ is the surface of zero disparity, or the location of objects whose images lie on corresponding points in the two eyes.

Answer 53

the horopter

Question 54

Stereoblindness usually results from

Answer 54

childhood disorders

Question 55

Suppose you are looking at a road that recedes into the distance. Which depth cue describes the way the edges of the road seem to converge in the retinal image?

Answer 55

linear perspective

Question 56

the process by which the eye changes its focus by adjusting the lens is called

Answer 56

accommodation

Question 57

Virtual reality headsets have a separate display for each eye. What is another technical name for such a device?

Answer 57

Stereoscope

Question 58

Which of the following cannot be used to solve the correspondence problem?

Answer 58

The disparity constraint

Question 59

If a fly lands on your nose and you turn your eyes inward to look at it, what kind of eye movement are you making?

Answer 59

convergent

Question 60

____ is any sort of depth cue that can be depicted by an artist on a canvas.

Answer 60

a pictorial depth cue