Quotes Flashcards
(300 cards)
1
Q
Who said ‘Political science begins and ends with the state’?
A
Garner
2
Q
Who stated ‘Bring the state back in’?
A
Theda Skocpol
3
Q
Who emphasized the need for ‘facts, facts and facts’?
A
Lord Bryce
4
Q
Who compared history and politics with the quote ‘If history is a root, politics is a shoot’?
A
Laski
5
Q
Who said ‘Every thinker is a child of his times’?
A
Laski
6
Q
Who stated ‘No political idea is ever intelligible, save in the context of time’?
A
Laski
7
Q
Who mentioned that ‘Political ideas are themselves the products of the crisis phases of history’?
A
Sabine
8
Q
Who said ‘When we ignore values, it is like not making any difference in pure water and dirty water’?
A
Leo Strauss
9
Q
Who criticized political scholars for ignoring the purpose of their techniques?
A
David Easton
10
Q
Who defined political theory as including Political Science and political philosophy?
A
George Catlin
11
Q
Who stated that ‘Every political scientist has to play a double role i.e., part scientist and part philosopher’?
A
Andrew Hacker
12
Q
Who warned about the danger of politics being left to the ignorant in absence of political theory?
A
David Held
13
Q
Who defined sovereignty in the context of habitual obedience in society?
A
John Austin
14
Q
Who stated ‘Since society is federal, authority should also be federal’?
A
Laski
15
Q
Who argued that ‘The notion of sovereignty must be expunged from political theory’?
A
Krabbe
16
Q
Lenin’s view on the state
A
State represent irreconcilability of class antagonism.
17
Q
Catherine MacKinnon’s perspective on feminist theory
A
There is no feminist theory of the state.
18
Q
Bodin’s definition of sovereignty
A
Sovereignty is such a ruling power on citizens and the ruled on which there is no foundation of law.
19
Q
Jelinek’s characteristic of sovereignty
A
Sovereignty is that characteristic of the state due to which it is not under compulsion for anyone else’s wish or external orders except for its own wish.
20
Q
T H Green on rights and moral consciousness
A
Since rights exist within society, they are dependent on the moral recognition by the community. Moral consciousness emanating from society compels men to pursue ideal objectives. State is also a product of moral consciousness.
21
Q
T H Green’s view on liberty and rights
A
Human consciousness postulates liberty, liberty involves rights, rights demand the state.
22
Q
F A Hayek on equality and government power
A
A claim for equality of material position can be met only by a government with totalitarian power.
23
Q
Hayek’s critique of planning
A
Planning is both practically dangerous and economically inefficient.
24
Q
Engels on the state and society
A
The state is, by no means, a power forced on society from without rather it is a product of society at a certain stage of development.
25
Marx and Engels on political power
Political power, properly called, is merely the organized power of one class oppressing the other.
26
Lenin's view on the state and class
State has always been a mere organization of a specific class and its form will always remain the same so that one particular class can always benefit.
27
Marx on the state as an instrument of oppression
State is an instrument of oppression controlled by bourgeoisie minority to oppress the proletarian majority.
28
Laski's view on federal authority
As society is federal, authority must also be federal.
29
Laski's critique of legal theory of sovereignty
It is impossible to make the legal theory of sovereignty valid for political Philosophy. it would be a lasting benefit to political science if the whole concept of sovereignty was surrendered.
30
Robert Maclver's definition of the state
State is an association of associations.
31
Catherine MacKinnon's view on the state
When I look at the state it appears male to me.
32
John Rawls on Justice
Justice is the first virtue of the social institutions, just as truth is the first virtue of any system of thought.
33
John Rawls on Individual Inviolability
Each person possess inviolability founded on the principles of justice, that even the welfare of the society as a whole cannot override.
34
Michael Walzer on Distribution of Goods
Different goods ought to be distributed differently, for different reasons, by different agents. All these differences arise from the different understanding which is inevitable product of different backgrounds, historically and culturally.
35
Michael Walzer on Justice
Justice is not the science of homogenization but art of differentiation.
36
Tom Campbell on Justice
Justice is today the central and commanding concept of current mainstream normative political philosophy.
37
Karl Marx on Needs
From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.
38
John Rawls on Society
A good society is a cooperative venture for mutual advantage.
39
Charles Taylor on Community Rights
The well-being of the individual depends on the good of his community, and therefore, the recognition and protection of the group or cultural rights of the community are not less important than the just distribution of the freedom and equality rights to the individuals.
40
Nozick on Minimal State
The minimal state is the most extensive state that can be justified and that any more extensive state does violate people's rights.
41
Amartya Sen on Poverty
Poverty is not just a lack of money
42
Marx on Equality
From everyone according to his ability, to everyone according to his needs.
43
Aristotle on Justice
Justice is treating equals equally and unequals unequally.
44
Harold Laski on Equality
Equality is basically a process of equalization. So first of all equality implies the deficiency of special rights. Secondly, it implies that everyone should get enough opportunities for growth.
45
Turner on Inequality
Inequality is a multi-dimensional concept, and the elimination of one aspect of inequality often leads to the exaggeration of other aspects of social, political and cultural inequalities.
46
E.F. Carritt on equality
Equality is just to treat men as equal until some reason other than preference such as need
47
Raphael on the right to equality
The right to equality properly is a right to the equal satisfaction of basic human needs, including the need to develop and use capacities which are specifically human.
48
Laski on political equality
Political equality means the authority which exerts that power must be subject to rules of democratic governance.
49
Laski on economic equality
Economic equality is largely a problem of proportion. Economic equality is two folds: It is a matter of status and It is a matter of property and income.
50
Dworkin on political theory and equality
Every plausible political theory has the same ultimate value, which is equality and that 'each person matters equally' is at the heart of all contemporary theories of justice.
51
Dworkin on rights
Rights are trump.
52
T H Green on liberty and rights
Human consciousness postulates liberty, liberty involves rights, rights demand the state.
53
Thomas Hodgskin on Bentham's theory
Though Bentham tried to appear more exact, in practice his theory is also vague.
54
Unknown on Bentham
Bentham has destroyed everything and created nothing.
55
Laski on rights and personal development
Rights are the necessary conditions, without which no man can seek in general to be at his best.
56
Laski on the identity of a state
Every state is known by the rights it maintains.
57
Laski on the nature of rights
Rights 'are not natural in the sense that a permanent and unchanging catalogue of them can be compiled, rather they are natural in the sense that under the limitations of a civilised life, facts demand their recognition.
58
Isaiah Berlin on choices and claims
The world that we encounter in ordinary experience is the world in which we face choices between ends equally ultimate, claims equally absolute, the realization of some of which must inevitably involve the sacrifice of the other.
59
Voltaire on freedom of speech
I strongly detest what you say, yet I will defend to death your right to say it.
60
Bernard Bosanquet on rights
Right is a claim which society accepts and the state imposes.
61
Mahatma Gandhi on rights and duty
Rights that do not flow from duty well performed are not worth having.
62
John Locke's view on supreme power in governance?
There can be but one supreme power, which is the legislative, to which all the rest are and must subordinate, yet the legislative being only a fiduciary power to act for certain ends, there remains still in the people a supreme power to remove or alter the legislative when they find the legislative act contrary to the trust reposed in them.
63
Jeremy Bentham's perspective on rights?
Rights, properly so called, are the creatures of law properly so called
64
Nozick's main source of rights?
The main source of rights is the rule of Natural Right of self-ownership, which means that every individual should be considered as an end in itself.
65
Nozick's assertion on self-ownership?
If I have complete right on myself, then I am the sole owner of my capability and the produce made by my capability.
66
Nozick's view on individual rights?
Individuals have rights and that there are no things, persons or groups may do to them.
67
Mahatma Gandhi's view on rights and duties?
Rights that do not flow from duty well performed are not worth having.
68
Dworkin's perspective on fundamental rights?
If the relevance of fundamental rights can be weighed at every new upcoming factual scenario and like any other social interest, then balancing is a confusion that threatens to destroy the concept of individual rights.
69
Winston Churchill's view on democracy?
Democracy is the worst form of govt. However, it is the best form of govt. till we do not discover the better form of govt.
70
Edmund Burke's definition of Parliament?
Parliament is an assembly of nation rather than a place for advancing the narrow constituency interest.
71
Pericles on discussion in governance?
Discussion is never a stumbling block. It is always an essential prerequisite for any wise action.
72
Aristotle's view on common people's deliberation?
Common people deliberating can arrive at better decisions rather than philosophers acting alone.
73
Aristotle's critique of democracy's assumption of equality?
Democracy is based on a false assumption of equality, it means those who are equal in one respect, are equal in all respects.
74
Macpherson's definition of democracy?
Democracy is only an instrument of selection of government, to rule or make law by different methods and taking political decision.
75
James Bryce's view on democracy's demands and returns?
No government demands so much from the citizens as democracy and none gives back so much.
76
Barry Holden on democracy
If we define democracy in form of taking decision by people then elite theory is not democratic.
77
Pt. Nehru on bringing democracy
If people cannot come to democracy, we can bring democracy to their doorstep.
78
Abraham Lincoln on the ballot
The ballot is stronger than the bullet.
79
Ambedkar on the essence of democracy
Democracy is not merely a form of government. It is primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience. It is essentially an attitude of respect and reverence towards fellow men.
80
Robert Michels on oligarchy
Whatever may be the political system, oligarchy is the iron law.
81
Robert Michels on organizations and oligarchy
Every organization-whatever its original aims-is eventually reduced to 'oligarchy', that is the rule of the chosen few.
82
Robert Michels on human beings and leadership
Majority of human beings are apathetic, indolent and slavish. They are permanently incapable of self-government. So, they have to bank upon their leaders for pursuing their social objective.
83
Robert Michels on government and oligarchy
All forms of government are destined to be reduced to oligarchy.
84
Foucault on power in society
Power flows throughout the society like the network of capillaries.
85
Hobbes on the desire for power
There is a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power that ceased only in death.
86
Frederick Watkins on political science
The proper scope of political science is not the study of the state or of any other specific institutional complex, but the investigation of all associations insofar as they can be shown to exemplify the problem of power.
87
William A. Robson on political science and power
It is with power in society that political science is primarily concerned-its nature, basis, processes, scope and results ... The 'focus of interest' of the political scientist is clear and unambiguous
88
H. Lasswell on political science
Political science is the study of the shaping and sharing of power.
89
Bertrand Russell on power
Power denotes the ability of a person to fulfil his desires or to achieve his objectives.
90
What does H V Wiseman say about power?
Power is 'the ability to get one's wishes carried out despite opposition.'
91
What is the definition of power according to Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz?
To the extent that a person or group -- consciously or unconsciously -- creates or reinforces barriers to the public airing of policy conflicts, that person or group has power.
92
What does Lenin state about the question of power in revolutions?
The question of power cannot be evaded or brushed aside, because it is the key question determining everything in a revolution's development, and in its foreign and domestic politics.
93
What does Lenin say about the passing of state power?
The passing of state power from one class to another is the first principal, the basic sign of revolution, both in strictly scientific and in the practical political meaning of the term.
94
What is Aristotle's view on ruling and being ruled?
For that some should rule and, others be ruled is a thing, not only necessary, but expedient
95
What does Pareto mean by 'circulation of elites'?
'Governing elite' is one that wields power for the time being while 'non-governing elite' constantly endeavours to replace it by showing greater ability and excellence... There is competition between governing and non-governing elites which results in what is called 'circulation of elites'... In any way masses have no chance of getting into power, hence power is always held by Elites.
96
What does Mosca say about the ruling class?
The dominance of the ruling class was essential to provide for proper organization of the unorganized majority.
97
What is C Wright Mills' perspective on power elites?
The power elites do not owe their power to fulfilling social demands. They themselves are capable of creating such demands.
98
What does Hannah Arendt suggest about power and violence?
Where genuine power is absent, violence may emerge to fill the gap.
99
What does Cicero state about power and authority?
Power lies with the people, authority in the Senate.
100
What is Gandhi's view on real Swaraj?
Real Swaraj will come not by the acquisition of authority by a few but by the acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when it is abused.
101
David McLellan's view on ideology
Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of the social sciences.
102
Marx's perspective on ruling ideas
The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas.
103
William G Summer's view on liberalism
Drunkard in the gutter is where he ought to be.
104
T H Green's definition of liberty
Liberty consists of capacity of doing something, which is worth doing... it is capacity of doing something which is as per the law of our being.
105
T H Green's assertion about rights and state
Human consciousness postulates liberty, liberty involves rights, rights demand state.
106
T H Green's view on the basis of the state
Will not force is the basis of the state.
107
T H Green's perspective on state and liberty
State hinder the hindrances, which come in the path of the liberty of man.
108
Laski's definition of rights
Rights are those conditions of life without which no man can seek in general to be at his best.
109
Laski's view on social order
Social order, not based on the recognition of claims of a persons, is based on sand.
110
Laski's assertion about rights and duties
Rights are claims, not empty of duties.
111
Sartori's view on liberalism
Liberalism is a concept so amorphous and changeable as to be left readily at the mercy of arbitrary stipulations.
112
Stephen Metcalf's definition of Neoliberalism
The word Neoliberalism has become a rhetorical weapon, but it properly names the reigning ideology of our era - one that venerates the logic of the market and strips away the things that make us human.
113
CEM Joad's perspective on socialism
Socialism is like a hat that has lost its shape because everyone wears it.
114
Marx's principle of contribution
From each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution.
115
Bernstein's view on revolution
Revolution is neither possible nor needed.
116
Lenin's assertion about politics and economics
Politics is a concentrated form of economics.
117
Mao's perspective on thought
Let hundred flowers bloom, let thousands of school of thought flourish.
118
Mao's perspective on power?
Power comes through the barrel of Gun.
119
Gandhi's view on revenge?
Eye for eye will make the world blind.
120
Gandhi's stance on violence?
Violence belongs to the world of animals.
121
Marx's view on capitalism?
Capitalists dig their own graves.
122
Engels' perspective on change?
Everything is and is not, for everything is fluid, is constantly changing, constantly coming into being and passing away. All is flux and nothing stays still. Nothing endures but change.
123
Karl Popper's view on knowledge and society?
It is impossible to have first-hand knowledge based on some set of laws that governed society and human individuals.
124
Popper's criticism of Marx's social engineering?
Popper rejected Marx's social engineering as dangerous, for it treated individuals as subservient to the interests of the whole.
125
Marx's definition of alienation in capitalist society?
Alienation is the objective structure of experience and activity in capitalist society. Capitalist society, in its very essence, requires that people be placed into such a structure and, even better, that they come to believe and accept that it is natural and just.
126
Mussolini's view on war and gender?
War is to men is what maternity is to women.
127
Mussolini's statement on the state?
Nothing above the state, outside the state and against the state.
128
Nietzsche's view on human motivation?
Human beings are motivated by powerful emotions, their 'will' rather than the rational mind, and in particular by what is called the 'will to power.'
129
Oswald Mosley's definition of capitalism and fascism?
Capitalism is a system by which capital uses the nation for its own purposes. Fascism is a system by which the nation uses capital for its own purposes.
130
Katherine MacKinnon's view on the state?
When I look at the state, it appears male to me.
131
Sartre's perspective on existence and essence?
Existence is prior to essence.
132
Simone De Beauvoir's view on gender identity?
One is not born a woman, one becomes a woman.
133
Nietzsche's famous declaration?
God is dead.
134
Lyotard's view on postmodern conditions?
The postmodern conditions are an incredulity towards meta-narratives.
135
Derrida's view on human language?
Human language is not developed to the extent that we can communicate ourselves completely.
136
Foucault's perspective on theory?
What we think as theory is nothing but a story. It is not discovering truth but it is manufacturing truth. It is not telling a reality, it is telling things in a way that other people believe is real.
137
Foucault's definition of discourse?
Discourse is a regime of truth.
138
Foucault's explanation of discourse?
Discourse is a system of thoughts composed in ideas, attitudes, course of action, beliefs and practices that systematically constructs the subject and the words of which they speak.
139
Foucault's view on knowledge and power?
Modern humanism is therefore mistaken in drawing this line between knowledge and Power. Knowledge and power are integrated with one another, and there is no point in dreaming of a time where knowledge will cease to depend on power
140
Foucault's assertion about power?
Power is everywhere, diffused and embodied in discourse, knowledge and 'regimes of truth'.
141
Foucault's concept of power?
Power is everywhere and comes from everywhere so in this sense is neither an agency nor a structure.
142
Gayatri Spivak's question regarding the subaltern?
Can subaltern speak?
143
Robert Cox's view on theory?
Theory is always for someone and for some purpose.
144
Gandhi's definition of swaraj?
It is swaraj when we learn to rule ourselves.
145
Gandhi's view on expectations from actions?
It would be illogical to expect rose flower by sowing the seed of babool.
146
Gandhi's perspective on rights and duties?
Rights are present in the duties in embryonic sense.
147
Gandhi's belief in equality?
In my opinion, there is no such thing as inherited or acquired superiority. I believe in the rock bottom doctrine of Advaita and my interpretation of Advaita excludes totally any idea of superiority at any stage whatever. I believe implicitly that all men are born equal. All have the same soul as any other. He who claims superiority at once forfeits his claim to be called a man.
148
Gandhi's view on equality and capacity?
While we are born equal, meaning that we have a right to equal opportunity, all have not the same capacity. It is in the nature of things impossible.
149
Mahatma Gandhi on equality of work
The work of barber deserves equal respect as that of the work of a lawyer.
150
Mahatma Gandhi on the caste system
The caste system is a hindrance, not a sin. But untouchability is a sin, a great crime, and if Hinduism does not destroy this serpent while there is time, it will be devoured by it.
151
Mahatma Gandhi on mob mentality
They [who are in a mob] have no mind, no premeditation. They act in frenzy.
152
Mahatma Gandhi on democracy
Democracy cannot be worked by twenty men sitting at the centre. For, it has to be worked from below by the people from every village.
153
Mahatma Gandhi on the importance of emotions in action
I have come to this fundamental conclusion that if you want something really important to be done, you must not merely satisfy the reason, you must move the heart also.
154
Mahatma Gandhi on the effects of power
The possession of power makes men blind and deaf
155
Mahatma Gandhi on non-violence and decentralization
India is to evolve along non-violent lines
156
Mahatma Gandhi on the goal of politics
The end to be achieved is human happiness combined with full mental and moral development.
157
Mahatma Gandhi on types of power
Power is of two kinds: one is obtained by the fear of punishment and the other by acts of love.
158
Mahatma Gandhi on purity in politics
By abjuring power and by devoting ourselves to pure and selfless service of voters, we can guide and influence them. It would give us far more real power than we shall have by going into the government.
159
Mahatma Gandhi on the purity of means
If we are sure of the 'purity' of the means we employ, we shall be led on by the faith, before which any fear and trembling melt away.
160
Mahatma Gandhi on means and ends
For me it is enough to know the means... Means and end are convertible terms in my philosophy of life... I feel that our progress towards the goal will be in exact proportion to the purity of our means.
161
Morris Jones quote on Indian political thought
The neglect of Indian political thought will result into the impoverishment of the west.
162
Max Muller quote on the human mind and Indian thought
Nowhere in the world, human mind has dealt with the various questions of life in such a depth as in case of India.
163
Saint Tukaram's perspective on family
Entire world is my family.
164
Maha Upanishad's view on family
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The World Is One Family).
165
Max Weber's comparison of Kautilya and Machiavelli
When we look at Kautilya's king, Machiavelli's prince appears 'harmless.'
166
Upinder Kaur's suggestion about Machiavelli and Kautilya
Ideally Machiavelli should have been called Italian Kautilya.
167
Kautilya's view on material wellbeing
Material wellbeing is supreme, attainment of all other goals dharma, kama, moksha depends on material wellbeing.
168
Kautilya's perspective on the happiness of the king and subjects
In the happiness of the subjects, lies the happiness of the king.
169
Kautilya's advice on treasury management
The treasury should be collected and maintained honestly and religiously. The treasure should be such full that it may be helpful in the time of difficulty for a long time.
170
Kautilya's principles on wealth accumulation
The treasury should accumulate wealth through righteous and legitimate means. The wealth of the state shall be one acquired lawfully either by inheritance or by the king's own efforts. It shall consist of gold, silver, precious and gold coins.
171
Asvaghosha's view on kingship?
Kingship is a 'dangerous delusion' and is described as charming yet full of dangers, like a golden castle in fire, food mixed with poison, and a lotus pond filled with crocodiles.
172
What did Rabindranath Tagore say about Aurobindo Ghosh?
World will come to know the essence of India through the writings of Aurobindo.
173
Aurobindo Ghosh's definition of a nation?
Nation is not a piece of land, a collection of human beings, a figure of speech, a figment of people's imagination, a political program, or an intellectual pastime. Nation is a faith, a religion, divine, and has a spirit.
174
Humayun Kabir's perspective on Gandhi?
Gandhi was not a philosopher but a strategist and psychologist who understood mass psychology, transitioning from a master strategist to Mahatma.
175
Gandhi's view on truth?
For Gandhi, truth is the sovereign principle which includes numerous other principles, and where there is Truth, there is also true knowledge.
176
What does Satyagraha mean according to Gandhi?
Satyagraha means scrupulous regard for truth.
177
Gandhi's view on socialism and communism?
Gandhi believed that socialism and communism of the West are based on conceptions fundamentally different from Indian beliefs, particularly their belief in the essential selfishness of human nature.
178
What does Vinoba Bhave say about socialism?
Socialism does not refer to nationalization of the means of production, distribution, exchange, but faith in God, truth, non-violence and equality.
179
What is Vinoba Bhave's concept of socialism?
My concept of socialism implies that people should be self-reliant. That is the only way they can be prevented from being exploited. I have been trying to persuade the workers that if the capitalists have their gold and silver, we have our hands and feet. These too are assets. A capitalist will never be able to carry on without labour.
180
What does Vinoba Bhave say about the basis of socialism?
The basis of socialism is economic equality. There can be no Ramarajya in the present state of iniquitous inequalities in which a few roll in riches and the masses do not get even enough to eat.
181
How does Vinoba Bhave describe socialism?
Socialism is a beautiful word and so far, as I am aware in socialism all the members of society are equal none low, none high.
182
What does Vinoba Bhave say about the state?
The state represents violence in a concentrated and organised form.
183
What is the relationship between the individual and the state according to Vinoba Bhave?
The individual has a soul but the state is a soulless machine, the state can never be weaned away from violence to which it owes its existence.
184
What does Vinoba Bhave say about the moral basis of the state?
There was no illustration in history when the state had supported the case of the poor. State is based on force and its orders are enforced with coercive power. So, it has no moral basis.
185
What is the purpose of the state according to Vinoba Bhave?
The state is not an end in itself, but a means of enabling people to better their conditions in every department of life.
186
What should the state work towards according to Vinoba Bhave?
State should work for making the life of man better.
187
What does Vinoba Bhave say about the infallibility of the state?
The state is not infallible and omnipotent. People can oppose the unjust laws and policies of the state.
188
What is Vinoba Bhave's view on the increase in the power of the state?
I look upon on increase in the power of the state with the greatest fear, because although while apparently doing good by minimizing exploitation, it does the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality, which lies at the root of all progress.
189
What does Vinoba Bhave say about authority in an ideal state?
In an ideal State, authority should be decentralized.
190
What is Swaraj according to Vinoba Bhave?
Swaraj is to be attained by educating the masses to a sense of their capacity to regulate and control authority.
191
What does B.R. Ambedkar say about democracy in India?
Democracy in this country is like a summer sapling. Without social unity, the roots of sapling cannot be strengthened. If social unity is not achieved this summer sapling of democracy, will be rooted out with gust of summer wind.
192
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Democracy as a state of policy
193
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Attitude of Democracy
194
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Leisure and Culture in Democracy
195
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Political and Social Democracy
196
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Social Setting for Democracy
197
Scholar: Unknown
Theme: Doctrine of One Man, One Value
198
Scholar: Socrates
Theme: Virtue and Knowledge
199
Scholar: Socrates
Theme: Knowledge and Virtue
200
Scholar: Socrates
Theme: Search for Knowledge
201
Scholar: Socrates
Theme: Knowledge and Ignorance
202
Scholar: Plato
Theme: Ideal State
203
Scholar: Plato
Theme: Rulers and Philosophy
204
Scholar: Plato
Theme: Reality and Idea
205
Quote by Politics for India Publications on governance
Those states are best governed where rulers are reluctant to govern rather than the states where rulers are eager to govern.
206
Quote by Politics for India Publications on education and communism
If education is the primary machinery, to create the ideal state, communism is the supplementary machinery.
207
Quote by Politics for India Publications on the nature of the state
The State is an individual writ large.
208
Quote by Politics for India Publications on justice
Justice does not consist in mere adherence to the laws, for it is based on the inner nature of human spirit.
209
Quote by Politics for India Publications on the duty of the state
It is the duty of the state or government to help people live a complete life.
210
Quote by Susan M. Okin on Plato
Plato was in some sense a feminist, but an inadequate one.
211
Quote by Popper on Plato
Plato is an enemy of Open Society.
212
Quote by RW Emerson on Plato
Plato is philosophy, philosophy is Plato.
213
Quote by Alfred North on Western political philosophy
The entire western political philosophy is nothing but footnotes to Plato and Aristotle.
214
Quote by Karl Popper on Platonic philosophy
One can be either Platonic, or anti-Platonic, but can never be non-platonic.
215
Quote by Aristotle on human nature
Man is by nature political (social) animals.
216
Quote by Aristotle on the purpose of the state
State comes into existence for sake of life and continues for sake for good life.
217
Quote by Aristotle on the state
State is highest of all associations.
218
Quote by Aristotle on living without the state
One who can live without state is either a beast or God, he cannot be a man.
219
Quote by Aristotle on the composition of the state
State is a union of family and religious.
220
Quote by Aristotle on justice and equality
It is unjust to treat equal unequally and it is equally unjust to treat unequal equally.
221
Quote by Aristotle on inequality
Everywhere inequality is a cause of revolution.
222
Quote by Aristotle on law
Law is a reason without passions.
223
Quote by Aristotle on the nature of the state
State is a natural community, an organism with all the attributes of a living being.
224
Aristotle's view on the state and its relation to the family and individual?
The state is by nature clearly prior to the family and the individual, since the whole is of necessity prior to the part.
225
What does Aristotle say about poverty and its effects on society?
Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime... when there is no middle class and the poor greatly exceed in number, troubles arise, and the state soon comes to an end.
226
What is the goodness in the sphere of politics according to Aristotle?
The goodness in the sphere of politics is justice, and justice contains what tends to promote the common interest.
227
What did Plato say about friendship and truth?
Plato was a friend
228
What is Aristotle's perspective on the corruption of the many versus the few?
The many are more incorruptible than the few
229
What does Aristotle say about law and the qualities of a good ruler?
Law is a reason without passion. Good ruler ought to be worldly-wise rather than wise in the world of ideas.
230
What is Machiavelli's view on property and personal loss?
It is better to kill that person than to take his property. Man can forget the loss of his father, but will never forget the loss of his patrimony.
231
What does Machiavelli say about revenge in politics?
People will revenge themselves for small injuries but can't do so for great ones. So, the injury we do to man must be such that we need not fear his revenge.
232
What is the central idea of Machiavelli's political philosophy regarding means and ends?
In politics, the end justifies the means.
233
What does Machiavelli suggest about the perception of reality in politics?
The prince must look at things as they are rather than as they ought to be.
234
What does Machiavelli say about human nature?
Men are ungrateful, fickle, deceitful, cowardly and avaricious.
235
How does Machiavelli contrast Christianity and pagan qualities?
Christianity idealises humility, lowliness, and a contempt for worldly objects as contrasted with the pagan qualities of grandeur of soul, strength of body, and other qualities that render men formidable.
236
What does Machiavelli say about the expansion of a state?
Either a state must expand or perish.
237
What is Machiavelli's view on the stability of a state?
A state based on mass support is more stable.
238
What does Machiavelli say about authority and obedience?
Authority rather than power ensures obedience.
239
What is the centrality of power in politics according to Machiavelli?
The prince must understand the centrality of power in politics and should not be misguided by ethics or religion.
240
What does Machiavelli say about sharing power?
Prince must keep power in his own hand as power shared can be used against the prince.
241
What does Machiavelli suggest about dictatorship?
Dictatorship, whenever created according to public law and not usurped by individual authority, always proves beneficial.
242
What is the primary responsibility of a ruler according to Machiavelli?
The primary responsibility of a ruler is the security and well-being of his people, and he must guard the realm and expand his territory and sphere of influence.
243
What does Gandhi imply with his quote about sowing seeds?
It is illogical to expect Rose flower by sowing the seed of Babul.
244
How does Sabine characterize Machiavelli's historical perspective?
Machiavelli is narrowly dated and narrowly located.
245
What does Laski claim about Machiavelli's relation to the Renaissance?
The whole of the Renaissance is in Machiavelli.
246
What does Sabine say about Machiavelli's use of history?
He used history exactly as he used his observation to illustrate or support a conclusion that he had reached without historical reference.
247
What does William Ebenstein state about Machiavelli's views on morals and religion?
Machiavelli's views on morals and religion illustrate his belief in the supremacy of power over other social values.
248
What did Prof. C.C Maxey say about Machiavelli's impact on political thought?
Machiavelli's passion for the practical as against the theoretical undoubtedly did much to rescue political thought from the scholastic obscurantism of the middle-ages.
249
How does Prof. Dunning define Machiavellian philosophy?
Machiavellian philosophy is the study of the art of government rather than a theory of state.
250
What does Louis Althusser say about Machiavelli's interest in government?
Machiavelli is interested in only one form of government: the one that allows a state to last.
251
How does Sabine describe the various representations of Machiavelli?
Machiavelli has been represented as an utter cynic, an impassioned patriot, an ardent nationalist, a political Jesuit, a convinced democrat, and an unscrupulous seeker after the favour of despots, with each view containing an element of truth.
252
What does Sabine claim about Machiavelli's influence on the concept of the state?
Machiavelli more than any other political thinker created the meaning that has been attached to the state in modern political usage.
253
What does Lord Acton suggest about Machiavelli's purpose?
A sublime purpose justifies him, and he has been wronged by dupes and fanatics, by irresponsible dreamers and interested hypocrites.
254
What does Thomas Hobbes say about the life of a man?
Life of a man is a continuous search for power, after power, which ceases only with his death.
255
What is the state of nature according to Hobbes?
The state of nature is a state of war. Of all against all.
256
How does Hobbes describe life in the state of nature?
In the state of nature, the life of man is nasty, poor, brutish, and short.
257
What does Hobbes say about the scope for art and industry in the state of nature?
In the state of nature, there is no scope for art, literature, letters, navigation, industry.
258
What does Hobbes mean by 'I and fear were born together'?
This reflects Hobbes' view on the intrinsic connection between human existence and fear.
259
What does Hobbes state about rights and the assembly or state?
I give up all of my rights, to this assembly or to this person (state) on the conditions that all will give up their rights.
260
How does Hobbes define liberty?
Liberty is where law is silent.
261
What are the two options Hobbes presents for man?
Man has only two options either to live in the state of absolute authority or absolute anarchy.
262
What does Hobbes say about covenants without a sword?
Covenants without sword are nothing but words and no strength to secure man at all.
263
How does Hobbes define law?
Law, properly speaking, is the command of the sovereign.
264
What is the obligation of the subject to the sovereign according to Hobbes?
Obligation of the subject to the sovereign, is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasted, by which he is able to protect them.
265
What does McPherson say about Hobbes' individualism and absolutism?
Hobbes starts as an individualist and concludes as absolutist.
266
What does Sabine say about Hobbes' absolutism?
Hobbes' absolutism is a derivative of his individualism.
267
What does Michael Oakeshott say about 'The Leviathan'?
The Leviathan is the greatest, perhaps the sole, masterpiece of political philosophy in the English language.
268
McPherson's view on John Locke's philosophy?
Locke is an individualist out and out.
269
What does Locke mean by 'No law, no liberty'?
This phrase emphasizes that without laws, individuals cannot truly be free.
270
What is the sole purpose for the formation of a commonwealth according to Locke?
The sole purpose for the formation of commonwealth is the protection of property.
271
What does Locke state about the end of government?
The end of government is the good of the community.
272
What is Locke's view on government that violates its limitations?
A government which violates its limitations is not worthy of obedience.
273
What natural rights do men possess in the state of nature according to Locke?
Men in the state of nature possessed natural rights: Right to life, liberty and property.
274
What does Locke say about human beings and their rights?
Human beings are rational creatures, and reason tells us that Men, being once born, have a right to their preservation, and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence.
275
What is Mill's perspective on satisfaction?
It is better to be a Socrates dis-satisfied than a fool satisfied.
276
What does Mill say about state greatness?
No state becomes great by dwarfing its own people.
277
What is the sole purpose for which mankind can interfere in the life of another person according to Mill?
The sole purpose for which mankind is warranted to interfere in the life of the other person, is to prevent harm to others.
278
What does Mill mean by 'All silencing is an assumption of infallibility'?
This statement suggests that to silence someone is to claim that one's own opinion is infallible and cannot be wrong.
279
What does Mill say about majority opinion?
If all but one has a difference of opinion, the majority should listen to that person.
280
What is Mill's view on utility in ethical questions?
I regard utility as an ultimate appeal on all ethical questions, but it is utility in its widest sense, grounded in the permanent interest of man as a progressive being.
281
John Stuart Mill's view on the legal subordination of one sex to the other
The principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes—the legal subordination of one sex to the other is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement
282
John Stuart Mill's perspective on the collision of adverse opinion
It is only by the collision of adverse opinion that the remainder of the truth has any chance of being supplied.
283
John Stuart Mill's stance on suffrage and literacy
I regard it as wholly inadmissible that any person should participate in the suffrage without being able to read, write, and I will add, perform the operations of arithmetic.
284
Karl Marx's view on the role of philosophers
Philosophers have only interpreted the world, what matters is to change it.
285
Karl Marx's call to workers
Workers of the world unite
286
Karl Marx's statement on violence and change
Violence is the mid-wife of change. There has been no birth without blood.
287
Karl Marx on the necessity of work for survival
In order to make history, man has to live. In order to live man has to eat. In order to eat, man has to work or perform action.
288
Karl Marx's view on religion
Religion is opium of the people.
289
Karl Marx's perspective on nationalism
Nation or nationalism is an ideology or a false consciousness created by the propertied class to break the solidarity of workers.
290
Karl Marx's assertion about consciousness and existence
It is not our consciousness that determines our existence, it is our existence that determines our consciousness.
291
Karl Marx on class struggle
The history of all, hitherto existing societies is a history of class struggle.
292
Karl Marx's view on capitalism
Capitalists dig their own graves.
293
Karl Marx on the conditions of making history
Man also makes history but only in given circumstances and not under the chosen circumstances.
294
Gramsci's view on intellectuals
Every person is intellectual, but every person does not perform the task of intellectuals.
295
Hannah Arendt's perspective on the relationship between words and deeds
Only where words and deeds have not parted company, where words are not empty and deeds are not brutal. Where words are not used to hide, but to reveal.
296
Hannah Arendt's view on action and plurality?
The action is the only activity that goes on directly between humans... corresponds the condition of plurality... this condition is not only condition sine qua non but condition per quam.
297
Hannah Arendt's perspective on the world created by homo faber?
The world created by homo faber is threatened with extinction by the 'rise of the social'.
298
Hannah Arendt's thoughts on animal laborans and homo faber?
The rise of animal laborans threatens the extinction of homo faber, and with it comes the passing of those worldly conditions which make a community's collective and public life possible.
299
Hannah Arendt's definition of freedom?
Freedom is an accessory of doing and acting
300
Hannah Arendt's connection between politics and freedom?
Politics and the exercise of freedom-as-action are one and the same: ...freedom...is actually the reason that men live together in political organisations at all. Without it, political life as such would be meaningless. The raison d'être of politics is freedom, and its field of experience is action.
