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R2104 Plant Propagation > R2104 1 ROLE OF SEEDS IN PROPAGATION > Flashcards

R2104 1 ROLE OF SEEDS IN PROPAGATION Flashcards

1
Q

Seed definition

A

Product of sexual reproduction. Contains embryo and food store in the seed coat

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2
Q

Benefits of SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A
  • Variantion allows plant adaption to the environment
  • Enables genetic variation
  • More plants can be created to avoid extintion
  • Wide dispersal of seeds and plants
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3
Q

Internal and external structure of seed (x 9)

A

Testa - seed coat, protect embryo
Cotyledon - seed leaf, can be used for starch storage
Radicle - first root
Plumule - first shoot
Epicotyl - section of them between cotyledons and first true leaves
Hypocotyl - section between the root and the cotyledons
Hilum - the point where seeds was attached within ovary
Micropyle - small hole intesta
Embryo - portion of seed that grows into a plant

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4
Q

Benefits of growing from SEED

A
  • Produces variantion from which new cultivars can be developed
  • Only method for some species
  • May get large numbers from each plant
  • Easily stored
  • Can avoid virus transmission
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5
Q

Limitations of growing from seed

A
  • Some plants not reproduce viably from seed
  • difficult germination
  • lack of uniformity
  • can be slow to mature
  • some seeds do not store easily
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6
Q

Plant examples that are usually propagated by seed

A 
Daucus carota
Phaseolus vulgaris
Solanum lycopersicum
Lobelia erinus
Nigella damascena
Lolium perenne
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7
Q

Main horticultural uses of seed

A
  • Vegetable and bedding production
  • Growing annual plants
  • Establishing lawns
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8
Q

Seed viability definition

A

Seeds contain living embryo and will germinate when condition are right

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9
Q

Requirements for seed germination

A
  • Appropriate moisture levels
  • Appropriate temperature
  • Oxygen
  • Appropropriate light levels
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10
Q

Seed dormancy definition

A

Viable seeds fail to germinate even when all the germination requirement are met

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11
Q

Stages in a germinating seed

A
  • Taking in water
  • Raising respiration rate
  • Breaking of food store
  • Rapid cell division
  • The splitting of the seed coat
  • Emergence of radicle
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12
Q

Epigeal germination

A

When cotyledons rise to the soil evel

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13
Q

Hypogeal germination

A

When cotyledons stay below the soil level

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14
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Harvesting

A

Undamaged ripe pods from true to type plants, free from p&d. Harvest in dry weather when pods turned brown on the plant.

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15
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Harvesting

A

Harvesting: when seed pods are dry, collect ripe (brown) seedheads within a paper bag underneath. Give the head a shake to collect the seed

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16
Q

Orthodox seeds definition including examples

A

Seeds that tolerate drying and can be stored for long periods of time

need cool, dry storage

Long store time

Example
Daucus carota
Phaseolus vulgaris
Loberia erinus
Nigella damascena
Lolium perenne
17
Q

Recalcitrant seeds definition including examples

A

Lose viability quickly even with suitable storage conditions

Short storage time

Best sown immediatly following collection
Need cool, moist storage condition

Examples: Quercus robur
Aesculus hippocastanum

18
Q

Effect that storage factors have on ability for seed to germinate: lenght of time

A

Cool dry storage extends period of time seeds can be stored as it slows down respiration

Prolonged storage can decrease seed viability

19
Q

Effect that storage factors have on ability for seed to germinate:
temperature

A

Depending on seeds, some seeds inhibits or promoted germination by given temperatures
Lower temperatures slows down respiration

20
Q

Preparation of fleshy fruits for seed storage (Solanum lycopersicum): Harvesting

A

Harvesting: Quality fruit, that are fully mature (slightly soft), free from p&d, true to type

Collect into a dry bag so it would not dry out

21
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Seperation

A

Carefully seperate undamaged plants from the pods. reject any that are small

22
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Cleaning

A

Does not need washing as dry

23
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Drying

A

Dry seeds on paper for 7-10 days

24
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Storage conditions

A

As an orthodox seed, it should be stored in a cool, dry place

25
Q

Preparation and storage: Phaseolus vulgaris: Packaging

A

Labelled dry envelope/paper bag when fully dried in a plastic box containing silica gel (longer tern: place in a refrigirator)

26
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Seperation

A

Seperate from capsule, gently crush if does not open

27
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Cleaning

A

Dry, no cleaning

28
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Drying

A

Place on paper towel to dry in a cool enviroment

29
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Storage conditions

A

Keep cool and dry

30
Q

Preparation and storage: Nigella damascena: Packaging

A

Paper bag in a sealed container containing silica gel

Refrigirator for longer term

31
Q

Preparation of fleshy fruits for seed storage (Solanum lycopersicum): Maceration

A

Maceration: remore fruit stalk and macerate fruit through sieve to remove some of the flesh. Place flesh and seeds in a bucket of water and leave for a few days to ferment

32
Q

Preparation of fleshy fruits for seed storage (Solanum lycopersicum): Seperation

A

Seed and flesh can be placed in a large volume of water where the pulp and non-viable seed will float and the viable seed will sink. Remove the viable seed. Discard the rest

33
Q

Preparation of fleshy fruits for seed storage (Solanum lycopersicum): Cleaning

A

Wash seed through with sieve then place on a non-stick paper

34
Q

Preparation of fleshy fruits for seed storage (Solanum lycopersicum): Drying

A

Drying: place in a dry, warm enviroment to fully dry, remoce any final chaff before storing seed in a labelled paper envelopes

R2104 Plant Propagation (4 decks)

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