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R2104 Plant Propagation > R2104 4 METHODS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION > Flashcards

R2104 4 METHODS OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant juvelinity definition

A

A young non-flowers/fruiting plant that roots more easily due to peresence of natural root hormones

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2
Q

Plant health meaning

A
  • Free from P&D
  • Nutritional balance
  • Correct light levels
  • Correct temperature
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3
Q

Effect of juvelinity and plant health and successful propagation

A
  • Younger wood has a greater capacity of rooting

* Juvenile shoots are in active vegetative growth and root much quicker

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4
Q

Characteristings of material used in growing media for vegetative reproduction

A
  • Open and well aerated to encourage root production and allow root respiration
  • Moisture retentive without being waterlogged, to prevent the cutting base from desiccating
  • Stability for the cutting
  • Slightly acidic to neutral pH
  • Free from pest, diseases and weed seeds
  • Low in nutirents for the cuttings
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5
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: plant examples

A

Fuschia fulgens
Pelarginium zonale
Buddleja
Cornus alba

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6
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Time

A

Spring and early summer

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7
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: collection

A
  • Healthy, juvenile growth current years growth
  • True to type
  • P&D free
  • Collect 5 - 10 cm cuttings
  • Collect in the morning so the plant is turgid
  • Lateral, soft, juvenile material
  • Cut above a node
  • Place in a polythene bad and label
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8
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: Prepatation

A
  • Make 5-10cm cuttings, trim just below the node and remove most of the leaves
  • Large leaves can be reduced in size, remove any flower buds
  • Dip the base in rooting powder
  • Insert bottom 1/3 o the cutting into growing media
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9
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS: growing media

A
  • peat/alternative and vermiculite

* make sure no foliage is not touching the growing media

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10
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: plants

A 
Clematis montana
Buddleja davidii
Camelia japonica
Cornus alba
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
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11
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: time of year

A

Late Summer - Early Autumn

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12
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Collection

A
  • True to type, healthy, current seasons growth
  • Early in the morning
  • Cut just above a node
  • Place in a plastic bad to reduce transpiration
  • 10-15cm lengh
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13
Q

How and when collect and prepare: SEMI-RIPE CUTTINGS: Preparation and insertion

A
  • Trim to below a node
  • Cuttings 10-15cm lenght
  • Remove 1/3 of the leaves bottom
  • Reduce large leaves
  • Insert into growing media just below the leaves
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14
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Plants

A

Cornus alba
Buddeja davidii
Salix alba

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15
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Time

A

During dormant season

end of Oct to Feb

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16
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Collection

A
  • True to type
  • From current seasons growth
  • 20 - 30 cm lenght
  • Soft growing tips removed
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17
Q

How and when collect and prepare: HARDWOOD CUTTINGS: Preparation

A
  • Cut just below a node
  • Angled cut at the top above a node
  • Horizontal at the base
  • Remove leaves
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18
Q

Sticking definition

A

Inserting softwood or semi-ripe stem cutting into a tray of rooting media

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19
Q

Wounding definition

A

Removal of up to 2.5cm portion of bark in hardwood or semi-ripe cutting stem base to expose the vascular cambium. Promotes root growth

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20
Q

Hell cutting definition

A

Normally prepared from semi-ripe or hardwood cuttings. Consists of lateral stem that is removed with a portion of the main stem which is called the ‘heel’

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21
Q

Propagation by division: Plants

A

Alchemilla mollis
Rhus typhina
Hosta fortunei
Echinacea purpurea

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22
Q

Propagation by division: Time

A

During dormant season (Oct - March or Autumn)

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23
Q

Propagation by division: Lifting

A
  • carefully with a garden fork
  • Clear any soil
  • Do not allow to dry
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24
Q

Propagation by division: Dividing

A
  • Can be done with sterile knife, secateurs or 2 garden forks without damaging any emerging buds
  • Make sure any propagation material has some root growth and a growth bud
  • Around 15cm long but depends on a plant
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25
Propagation by division: aftercare
Smaller divisions shou;d be potted, bigger can get replanted straight into the ground
26
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Plants
Ficus elastica Magnolia grandiflora Monstera deliciosa Air layering is for plants that do not easily take from stem cuttings and do not have low handing branches for layering
27
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Time
Spring or Autumn
28
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Preparation
* Young, 1 - 2 year stems | * Remove leaves from the area
29
Propagation by layering: Air layering: Technique
* Upward slanting, 2.5 - 3 cm notches made through the node which is kept open by the use of a match stick * Trimside-shoots * Root hormone can be applied to the cut * Moist spaghnum moss places around the cut surfaces * Retain moisture bu covering with a clear polythene (for observation) and black one afterwards (to keep roots from going hard and green)
30
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Plants
Cotinus coggygria | Cornus alba
31
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Time
Autumn (dormant season) | Spring for some (evergreens respond better in spring)
32
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: Material
Vigorous, young, flexible current season shoots
33
Propagation by layering: Simple layering: method
* Prepare the soil, inforporate organic material * Stem to be layered is gently bent into 10 cm depth trench * At point of soil contract, stem wounded * Keep the stem in place by wire pegs * Theend of the stem ina vertical position with a bamboo and twine * Firm and water
34
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: WHEN applicable
Looping the stems in and out of the ground. Produce large nurmber of plants as opposed to sinple layering of plants as opposed to simple layerings. Good for climbers and plants that do not root easily from vuttings
35
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Plants
Clematis montana | Wisteria floribunda
36
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Time
Spring or autumn
37
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Selection of material
Flexible stems | No need to wound if really thin
38
Propagation by layering: Serpentine layering: Method
Same as simple yaering but plants come in and out of the soil
39
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: plants
Saintpaulia ionatha | Peperomia caperata
40
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: material selection
* Select appropriate material | * Take the cutting using a sharp knife or scalpel back to its base
41
Propagation by lraf cuttings: leaf petiole: Time
When in active growth
42
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: preparation
* Place the cutting on flat surface and cut leaf petiole down to 2cm * Dont le the cutting dry out
43
Propagation by leaf cuttings: leaf petiole: insertion
Insert the cutting verticall with the leaf lamina resting on top
44
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: plants
Steptocarpus rexii | Begonia rex Cultorium group
45
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: Time
When in active growth
46
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: preparation
Prepare cuttings with clean sharp scalpel Cut into 2.5cm lengh chevrons on thichk leaves or cut the veins either side of midrib
47
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf lamina: insertion
insert vertically or flat onto surface where the cuttings are and pin down if needed
48
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: Plants
Camelia japonica | Clematis montana
49
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: time
Summer, Autumn or Wintre
50
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds:Preparation
Hardenerd, current seasons growth Make top cut ust above a node (make sure has bud) and bottom cut 5cm below it Wound wood material Rooting powder Reduce leaves bu 50 percent
51
Propagation by leaf cuttings: Leaf buds: insertion
cuttings inserted just below a node with bud above the growing media
52
Propagation by root cuttings: plants
Papaver orientale | Primula denticulata
53
Propagation by root cuttings: timing
In dormant season
54
Propagation by root cuttings: collection
Healthy etc. Lifted carefully Scrape away the soil to find good cutting material Approx 5cm lengh
55
Propagation by root cuttings: preparation and insertion
Clean, horizontal cut made at the top of 5cm root cuttings Slanted cut at the bottom Insert vertically
56
Enviroment conditions and facilities: softwood cuttings
``` Mistings bench Moist conditions High humidity Cooler aerial environment than roots Basal warmth Not in direct light ```
57
Enviroment conditions and facilities: semi-ripe cuttings
Misting bench
58
Enviroment conditions and facilities: hardwood cuttings
open grounds | cold frame
59
Enviroment conditions and facilities: sticking/woundings/heel cutting
Green house
60
Enviroment conditions and facilities: division
open ground if large | green house if smaller
61
Enviroment conditions and facilities: air layering
greenhouse
62
Enviroment conditions and facilities: serpentine layering
open ground
63
Enviroment conditions and facilities: simple layering
open ground
64
Enviroment conditions and facilities: petiole cuttings
High humidity | Over head watering not good for cuttings
65
Enviroment conditions and facilities: leaf lamina
misting bench
66
Enviroment conditions and facilities: lead bud
misting bench
67
Enviroment conditions and facilities: root cutting
cold frame or green house
68
How to manage the environmentfor vegetative propagation
``` Provide additional lighting Reduce direct unlight by shading Reduce temperature by ventilation Increase heat with cables Increase humidity with mist unit ```
69
How to avoid NAMED pest during rooting process
Aphids : by use of pesticides and checking plants when removing them
70
How to avoid NAMED disease
Damping off - using sterile growing media, only watering with tap water
71
Enviroment conditions and facilities: aftercare of vegitatively propagated plants
``` Remove diseased and dead material Feeding Hardening Potting off Checking for rooting Adequate watering Crop protection measures ```

R2104 Plant Propagation (4 decks)

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