R22 Emergency Procedures Flashcards
(21 cards)
Engine Failure above 500ft AGL
- Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM
- Establish a steady glide at approx. 65kts IAS
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97-110%, or apply full down collective if lightweight prevents attaining above 97%.
- Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind.
- A restart may be attempted at pilots discretion if sufficient time is available.
- If unable to restart, turn unnecessary switched and fuel valve off.
- At ~40ft AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed
- At ~8ft AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touchdown in level attitude and nose straight ahead.
Engine Failure between 8ft and 500ft AGL
- Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97-110%, or apply full down collective if lightweight prevents attaining above 97%.
- Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed
- At ~8ft AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touchdown in level attitude and nose straight ahead.
Engine Failure below 8ft AGL
- Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing
- Allow aircraft to settle
- Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
Air Restart Procedure
- Mixture - Full Rich
- Primer (if installed) - down and locked
- Throttle - closed, then cracked slightly
- Actuate starter with left hand
Emergency Water Landing (Power off)
- Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting the water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact
- Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.
- Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
Emergency Water Landing (Power on)
- Descend to hover above water
- Unlatch doors.
- Passenger exit aircraft.
- Fly to safe distance from passenger to avoid possible injury by rotors
- Switch battery and alternator OFF
- Roll throttle off into overtravel spring
- Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
- Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors.
- Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust in Forward Flight
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.
1. Immediately enter autorotation.
2. Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical.
3. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, and perform autorotation landing.
NOTE
When a suitable landing site is not available, the vertical stabilizers may permit limited controlled flight at low power settings and airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however, prior to reducing airspeed, enter full autorotation.
Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust in Hover
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal.
1. Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle.
2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
Engine Fire during start on Ground
- Cranking – Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine.
- If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time.
- Fuel mixture – OFF.
- Fuel valve – OFF.
- Battery switch – OFF.
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors.
- Exit helicopter.
Engine Fire in Flight
- Enter autorotation.
- Cabin heat – OFF (if installed and time permits).
- Cabin vent – ON (if time permits).
- If engine is running, perform normal landing, then fuel mixture OFF and fuel valve OFF.
If engine stops running, fuel valve OFF and complete autorotation landing. - Battery switch – OFF.
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors.
- Exit helicopter.
Electrical Fire in Flight
- Battery and alternator switches – OFF.
- Open cabin vents.
- Land immediately.
- Fuel mixture OFF and fuel valve OFF.
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors.
- Exit helicopter.
CAUTION
Low RPM warning system and governor are inoperative with battery and alternator switches both off.
Tachometer Failure
If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
NOTE
Each tach, the governor, and the low RPM horn are on separate power circuits. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachs with the battery and alternator switches both off.
Governor Failure
If engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.
Warning Lights - OIL
Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil pressure gage and, if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately.
Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur.
Warning Lights - MR TEMP, MR/TR CHIP
MR TEMP Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox.
MR CHIP Indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox.
TR CHIP Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox.
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately.
If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
Warning Light - LOW FUEL
Indicates approximately one gallon of usable fuel remaining for all-aluminum fuel tanks or 1.5 gallons for bladder-style tanks. The engine will run out of fuel after approximately five minutes at cruise power for aircraft with all-aluminum tanks or ten minutes with bladder-style tanks.
CAUTION
Do not use low fuel caution light as a working indication of fuel quantity.
Warning Light - CLUTCH
Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out.
NOTE
Clutch light may come on momentarily during run-up or during flight to retension belts as they warm-up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If, however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds, pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical.
Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of drive system failure (be prepared to enter autorotation). Have drive system inspected for a possible malfunction.
Warning Light - ALT
Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment and switch ALT off and back on after one second to reset alternator control unit.
If light stays on, land as soon as practical. Continued flight without functioning alternator can result in loss of power to tachometers, producing a hazardous flight condition.
Warning Light - STARTER ON
Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have starter motor serviced.
Warning Light - LOW RPM
Indicates rotor speed below 97% RPM. To restore RPM, immediately lower collective, roll throttle on and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic. Light is disabled when collective is full down.
Warning Light - CARBON MONOXIDE
Indicates elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in cabin. Shut off heater and open nose (if installed) and door vents. If hovering, land or transition to forward flight.
If symptoms of CO poisoning (headache, drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light, land immediately.
