"Race" and Ethnicity

Question 1

when was “race” first applied to humans

Answer 1

during European colonial expansion in the 16th and 17th centuries

Question 2

what did colonial expansion lead to?

Answer 2

the “discovery” of people who looked different then Europeans

Question 3

what belief does the term “race” reflect

Answer 3

biological superiority and inferiority in the context of colonial power

Question 4

what does race not exist as

Answer 4

distinct biological entities among humans

Question 5

how many human species and race are there

Answer 5

only 1 race and 1 human species

Question 6

what idea is perpetuated when judgements are formed about others based solely on the color of their skin or the texture of their hair

Answer 6

that people who share physical characteristics can be viewed as a social group

Question 7

what is Eugenics

Answer 7

a set of beliefs and practices aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population

Question 8

where and why did Eugenics become popular?

Answer 8

with Scientists in the UK and is often associated with Francis Galton

Question 9

what kind of supporters did Eugenics have and what did they advocate for?

Answer 9

political supporters who advocated for sterilization laws

Question 10

what is “Race”

Answer 10

a social construction of a set of behaviors assumed to be somehow related to skin color and other features

Question 11

“race” is the mental product of social practice called …

Answer 11

racialization

Question 12

racialization

Answer 12

is a social process in which human groups are viewed and judged as essentially different in terms of their intellect, mortality, values and innate worth because of perceived differences in physical appearance or cultural heritage

Question 13

visible minority

Answer 13

is defined as “persons, other than indigenous peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in color”

Question 14

master narrative

Answer 14

is the story a nation tells about itself to celebrate past and present

Question 15

what do master narratives do overtime?

Answer 15

evolve, reproducing and refining schoolbooks, museums, government propaganda and popular culture, glossing over unpleasant events

Question 16

what is Michel Foucalt’s idea of buried knowledge

Answer 16

colonialism being reframed as peaceful co-operation between Indigenous peoples and settlers

Question 17

when did the racialization of the indigenous populations of Americas begin

Answer 17

in the sixteenth century in Europe

Question 18

why were Indigenous people viewed as different

Answer 18

because of their way of life, language and their approach to religion

Question 19

how long have Indigenous people been living in what is now known as canada

Answer 19

14,000 years

Question 20

what have Indigenous people been studies most often as?

Answer 20

not founders but as problems

Question 21

what percentage of Canadian history is Indigenous alone

Answer 21

93%

Question 22

what are Indigenous peoples defined by

Answer 22

a complex system of legal statuses that separates them from non-indigenous peoples and from each other

Question 23

what are legal designations of being Indigenous?

Answer 23

registered Indian
Bill C-31 Indian
band member
reserve resident
treaty indian
Metis
Eskimo

Question 24

what do legal differences stem from with indigenous peoples in Canada

Answer 24

The Indian Act (1876) and are administered by the federal department of Crown-indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada

Question 25

The Indian Act enshrined a sexist definition of "Indian" as...

Answer 25

1. any man of "Indian blood" reputed to belong to a particular band 2. any child of such a man or 3. any women married to such a man

Question 26

Until 1985, what did the Indian act only recognize as a "registered Indian"

Answer 26

men women's and children's status came from their father or the man they married

Question 27

what did the 1985 Bill C-31 enable people to do

Answer 27

to apply to have their status reinstated if they lost their Indian status though their marriage or their mothers marriage

Question 28

Inuit

Answer 28

been in Canada for a shorter time and occupy Arctic territory

Question 29

Metis

Answer 29

descendants of French fur traders and Cree women

Question 30

Racial bigotry

Answer 30

open, conscious expression of racist views by an individual

Question 31

systemic or institutional racism

Answer 31

racist practices, rules and laws have become institutionalized

Question 32

polite, smiling or friendly racism

Answer 32

racism hidden behind smile or words that seem friendly

Question 33

what are examples of polite, smiling or friendly racism?

Answer 33

microaggressions, which are casual remarks, gestures or misguided compliments that reflect racial prejudice

Question 34

tolerance

Answer 34

refers to "a fair, objective and permissive attitude toward opinions and practices that differ from one's own"

Question 35

acceptance

Answer 35

means to receive favorably or with approval

Question 36

accommodation

Answer 36

the adaptation of systems, practices and structures to accommodate the needs and preferences of diverse individuals or groups

Question 37

since when have black communities existed in nova scotia

Answer 37

the British proclamation of 1779, when they offered freedom to slaves who left their American masters to fight for the British in the American revolution

Question 38

when did segregation in Nova Scotia legally end

Answer 38

1954

Question 39

describe everything about the black one thousand

Answer 39

it was a black settlement in Alberta that the government granted to a black people in 1909 but by 1914 because of Wilfrid Laurier it ceased to exist because of his declaration that prohibited "any immigrants belonging to the Negro race from settling in Canada"

Question 40

who is the 3rd largest visible minority population in Canada

Answer 40

Black people

Question 41

what happened to the black population in Canada between 1792 to 1970 and 1970 to 2016

Answer 41

1792 to 1970 the black population declined and since 1970 it has consistently increased

Question 42

what is a head tax?

Answer 42

a fee Chinses immigrates had to pay to move to Canada that helped limit the amount of undesirable immigrates it started in 1885 as $50 and in 1900 it was $100 and in 1903 it was $500

Question 43

what dramatic effects did the head tax have on Chinese immigration

Answer 43

it limited the chances of marrying a Chinese women as the ration of Chinese men to women was 28:1 in 1911 it limited Chinese Canadian population growth

Question 44

what prevented the employment of female labour

Answer 44

a 1912 act that would not allow white women or girls to live or work in a business owned, kept or managed by any Chinese, Japanese or oriental person

Question 45

what was the Komagata Maru?

Answer 45

a ship with 376 passengers: 340 Sikhs, 24 Muslims and 12 Hindus that was forced to leave Canada because they were unable to pay the $200 fee to enter after facing severe food and water shortages in July 1914

Question 46

what law did Canada pass about Asians entering Canada

Answer 46

they have to possess at least $200

Question 47

what are closed contracts

Answer 47

visas of the Mexican workers are tied to one particular employer with very few rights that Canadian workers have. Employers can fire them without "just cause", ending the visa and sending the workers back to their home country

Question 48

what are some poor working and living conditions that Mexican ethnicities have to endure

Answer 48

few health and safety checks by government inspectors on work sites, workers have 10 to 12 hour shifts for up to 6 days a week they have to live in overcrowded bunkhouses with as many as 24 men in one dorm or if they do not live on the job site they sometimes live in crowed conditions in houses owned by their employers under constant surveillance The "temporary" nature of their immigration status has negative affects on access to benefits, rights and services

Question 49

what is race

Answer 49

something you are socialized into it has nothing to do with your nationality, the languages you speak or your cultural practices it is based on how you look and you will be judged on it your whole life, favorably or unfavorably it is also a category that may be supported or denied by the state and other social institutions

Question 50

what is ethnicity

Answer 50

refers to membership in a cultural group that has roots in a particular place in the world and is associated with distinctive cultural practices and behaviors people may have many ethnicities it is something you can opt into it is not he same as nationality

Question 51

what are 5 approaches that are useful in understanding ethnic conflict

Answer 51

essentialism postcolonialism epiphenomenal instrumentalism social constructivism

Question 52

essentialism (or sometimes called primordialism)

Answer 52

the view that every ethnic group is defined by a "laundry list" of traits carried down from the past to the present with little or no change it presents a static view of ethnic cultures, saying culture does not change without outside influence it absolves colonial powers of blame the change does not come from within

Question 53

colonialism

Answer 53

the economic and political exploitation of a weaker country or people by a stronger one

Question 54

postcolonialism

Answer 54

a framework that analyzes the destructive impact colonialism has on both the colonizer and the colonized developed by Frantz Fanon when examining French colonies in North Africa and the movements for independence it is applied to study situations involving the indirect rule

Question 55

epiphenomenal

Answer 55

a secondary effect that arises from, but does not causally influence a separate phenomenon the theory suggests that any ethnic conflict is just a by product of the struggle between economic classes there is a measure of truth in its explanations yet it fails to fully account for why

Question 56

instrumentalism

Answer 56

focuses on emerging ethnicity rather than on long-established ethnic characteristics traditionally presented as opposite to essentialism and compatible with the epiphenomenal

Question 57

what are ethnic entrepreneurs

Answer 57

elite members who mobilize ethnicity for personal gain

Question 58

social constructivism

Answer 58

the view that ethnicity is artificial, constructed by individuals to serve some agenda explains how ethnicity is constructed by the elite it suffers as a theory of ethnicity by overstating the influence of the elite it looks at the motivation of the broader group, not just the elites