Socialization

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

is a lifelong learning process that involves figuring out or being taught how to be a social person in a given social context. It brings changes in an individual’s sense of self

Question 2

what are the types of socialization/

Answer 2

-primary socialization
-secondary socialization

Question 3

primary socialization

Answer 3

is the socialization that occurs during childhood

Question 4

secondary socialization

Answer 4

is the socialization that occurs later in life

Question 5

determinism

Answer 5

refers to the degree to which an individuals behavior, attitudes and other personal characteristics are determined or caused by something specific

Question 6

what are the 2 contentious topics of socialization?

Answer 6

1. determinism vs free will
2. biological determinism vs social determinism

Question 7

what is nature vs nurture in determinism

Answer 7

biological determinism vs social or cultural determinism

Question 8

biological determinism

Answer 8

states that the greater part of who we are is determined by our roughly 26,000 genes

-Ex. if we are good at sports its in our genes
-is the “nature” part

Question 9

what did Sigmund Freud argue?

Answer 9

both biological and social factors shape human personality

Question 10

what are the 3 parts of the human mind?

Answer 10

1. ID
2. superego
3. ego

Question 11

what is ID

Answer 11

represents our unconscious instinctive drives

Question 12

what is superego

Answer 12

it is the part of the mind that polices the id ( your conscience)

Question 13

what is ego

Answer 13

the main agent of personality, driven by the ID and its demands but restrained by the superego

Question 14

what is Eros

Answer 14

dedicated to pleasure seeking

Question 15

what is Thanatos

Answer 15

the instinct for aggression

Question 16

social (or cultural) determinism /behaviorism

Answer 16

a school of thought in psychology that takes a strong cultural-determinist position

-“nurture” part
-who we are is shaped by our experiences

Question 17

behavior modification

Answer 17

shaping someone’s behaviors through rewards and punishment

Question 18

what is the law of effect and who came up with it?

Answer 18

Edward Thorndike

-it is when desired behaviors are rewarded and reinforced and undesired behaviors are ignored or punished and most likely abandoned

-part of behavior modification

Question 19

what did Canadian socialization Dennis H. Wrong (1961) argue?

Answer 19

that behaviorists work with an over socialized representation of human beings

Question 20

agents of socialization

Answer 20

are groups that have a significant impact on one’s socialization

Question 21

what are examples of agents of socialization

Answer 21

family
peers
neighborhood/community
school
mass media
legal system
religion/ culture

Question 22

who is George Herbert Mead?

Answer 22

a symbolic interactionist, argued children are socialized by others and internalize norms and values

Question 23

what 2 categories of agents of socialization did George Mead distinguish

Answer 23

1. significant others
2. generalized others

Question 24

who are significant others?

Answer 24

key individuals, primarily parents, siblings and friends, that children imitate and model themselves after

Question 25

what are generalized others?

Answer 25

the attitudes, viewpoints and general expectations of the society into which the child is socialized

Question 26

who is Charles Cooley and what idea did he introduce?

Answer 26

he was a symbolic interactionist and introduced the looking glass self as an explanation of how the self develops

Question 27

what are the 3 components to the looking-glass self?

Answer 27

1. how you imagine you appear to others 2. how you imagine those others judge your appearance 3. how you feel as a result (proud, self-confident, etc)

Question 28

what is a persons self-image based on?

Answer 28

how a person thinks they are viewed

Question 29

family

Answer 29

the first and often most powerful agent of socialization

Question 30

what are peer groups?

Answer 30

a social group sharing key characteristics such as age, social position and interests

Question 31

peer pressure

Answer 31

refers to the social force exerted on individuals by their peers to conform in behavior, appearance or externally demonstrated values

Question 32

what are risk behaviors

Answer 32

lifestyle activities that place a person at increased probability of suffering negative consequences ex. drinking too much, speeding

Question 33

what did Arnett and Balle-Jensen make an important distinction between?

Answer 33

broad socialization and narrow socialization

Question 34

broad socialization

Answer 34

independence and individualism are promoted in the culture ex. higher rates of risk behavior

Question 35

narrow socialization

Answer 35

obedience to standards and conformity of culture Ex. lower rates of risk behavior