RACP 2020 Flashcards
(37 cards)
PARP inhibitors MOA and example
Inhibits PA-CRP1. PARP1 usually repairs single stranded breaks in DNA. By not repairing these single stranded breaks, they turn into double stranded breaks and inhibits cancerous growth
E.g olaparib
What receptor does frusemide act at
Na-K-Cl co-transporter at ascending loop of henle
Most common mutation in HFE gene causing hereditary haemochromatosis
C282Y. H63D less common than C282Y
Most common CF mutation
F508del
BK nephropathy Mx
Mainstay is to reduce immunosuppression
- If pt is on tac (calcineurin inhibitor), MMF (anti-metabolite) + pred, would reduce MMF first by half, then cease if no decrease in viral load
- Could also reduce calcineurin inhibitor followed by anti-metabolite
No antiviral agents avail for treatment
Accumulation of which substance in ACEi induced angioedema
Bradykinin
What is agnosia
Inability to recognise objects, people, smells, sounds
What is apraxia
Inability to perform learned movements
What is abulia
Lack of initiative, will, drive for action, speech, thought
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic outflow fibers through outside the cranium
CN III, VII, IX, X
Tranexamic acid MOA
Binds lysine binding site on plasminogen
In a box plot what does the line in the middle of the box represent
Median of the IQR
Mechanism of emphysema in alpha-1-antitrypsin
Imbalance between neutrophil elastase and elastase inhibitor AAT
Denosumab MOA
Monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL
Blocks osteoclast maturation, function and survival
Which co-receptor binds with CD4 in early HIV infection
CCR5 in early
CXCR5 in later HIV infection
What antidepressant has the most anti-cholinergic effect
TCA
Which immunological structure is beta-2-microglobulin a part of
MHC class I
How to prevent dialysis related amyloidosis
High flux membranes
Beta-2 globulin absorber
Preservation of residual kidney function
Early kidney transplant
What vitamin deficiency do you get with metformin
Vitamin B12 deficiency
What happens to B cells in germinal centres?
Antigen-activated B cells diversify their immunoglobulins by somatic hypermutation to generate high-affinity immunoglobulins
Toxic metabolite of paracetamol
NAPQI
How does NAC work in paracetamol poisoning
Acts as a glutathione donor to prevent NAPQI accumulation
Amyloidosis cardiac and renal involvement
AA - kidneys
AL - kidneys and restrictive cardiomyopathy
ATTR - cardiac
What type of breast cancer derives most benefit from CDK inhibitors
Hormone positive, HER negative
