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Radiologic Positioning I > Rad Positioning - Chest - Test Review > Flashcards

Rad Positioning - Chest - Test Review Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Where would fluid be in lateral decubitus chest position?

A

Left decubitus - left lung
Right decubitus - right lung

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2
Q

What device is used for pediatric chest X-ray?

A

Pigg-O-Statt

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3
Q

Sthenic

A

Average physique
50% of population

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4
Q

Hypersthenic

A

Wider physique
5% of population

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5
Q

Hyposthenic

A

Skinny physique
35% of population

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6
Q

Asthenic

A

Tall and skinny physique
10% of population

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7
Q

Why is chest X-ray SID 72” vs. 40”?

A

Reduces distortion (magnification)
Higher image resolution

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8
Q

Why is grid important in PA chest X-ray?

A

Absorbs scatter
Better image

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9
Q

What is demonstrated on lateral chest X-ray?

A

Lungs
Sternum
Thorax
Posterior ribs
Heart

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10
Q

Situs inversus

A

Heart is on right side of body
Use of marker indicates this to radiologist

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11
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood accumulation in pleural space

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12
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air accumulation in pleural space
Creates pressure against lung - possible lung collapse

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13
Q

Emphysema

A

Lungs lose elasticity
Lungs become radiolucent, require less mAs
Lung dimensions become longer

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14
Q

Geriatric patient

A

Shallow lung field
CR needs to be higher

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15
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hump-back curvature

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16
Q

Lateral chest position - increased OID causes costophrenic angle off the IR - what should you do?

A

Lower the CR by 1 inch

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17
Q

PA chest - rib cage and pelvis alignment

A

Need to be aligned right on top of each other
If not - patient is leaning to one side

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18
Q

RAO

A

Patient’s right anterior is up against IR
Side of interest is left lung

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19
Q

LAO

A

Patient’s left anterior is up against IR
Side of interest is right lung

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20
Q

What pathologies seen on expiration chest X-ray?

A

Pneumothorax
COPD

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21
Q

Why do we roll shoulders forward in PA chest X-ray?

A

Get scapulae out of the way

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22
Q

PA chest X-ray- midsagittal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Perpendicular

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23
Q

PA chest X-ray - midcoronal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Parallel

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24
Q

Lateral chest X-ray - midsagittal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?

A

Parallel

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25
Lateral chest X-ray - midcoronal plane is parallel or perpendicular to IR?
Perpendicular
26
What happens to diaphragm when taking deep inspiration?
Moves downward
27
Range of kVp for chest X-ray
110-125 kVp
28
Lateral chest X-ray - how should weight be distributed on patient's standing feet?
Equal weight on both feet
29
CR location in relation to IR
Smack in the middle of IR
30
What jewelry needs to be removed for chest X-ray?
Necklaces Nipple rings
31
Hilum
Central root area where bronchi, blood & lymph vessels, nerves enter/leave the lung
32
Base of lung
Concave portion that rests on diaphragm
33
Apex of lung
Rounded upper area above clavicles
34
CR for PA chest X-ray
T7 7-8 inches below the vertebra prominens - C7
35
CR for AP chest X-ray
At T7 3-4 inches below jugular notch
36
CR for lateral chest X-ray
1 inch below from PA T7 location Why? Bc increase in OID causes divergent X-ray to cutoff costophrenic angles
37
Technique effect with pneumothorax patient
Air in lung cavity - easier to penetrate Decrease technique
38
Technique effect with hemothorax patient
Blood in pleural space - harder to penetrate Increase technique
39
Pleura
Double wall sac surrounding lungs
40
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of pleura Covers inner surface of chest wall
41
Visceral pleura
Inner layer of pleura Covers surface of lungs
42
Pleural cavity
aka Pleural space Space inside pleura Between parietal & visceral pleura
43
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura
44
AP Lordotic position
Clavicles are above the lung apices Horizontal CR to midsternum
45
What does decubitus position measure?
Fluid & air levels in lungs
46
Erect vs. decubitus - which is more ideal for viewing fluid levels?
Erect bc allows diaphragm to move farther down
47
Can you see fluid levels in supine position?
No
48
Alveoli
Air sacs at end of terminal bronchioles Where O2 & CO2 exchange occurs
49
Trachea location
Between C6 and T4/T5
50
What makes a decubitus position?
CR is horizontal
51
3 divisions of chest anatomy
Mediastinum (space between lungs) Respiratory system (lungs & airways) Bony thorax Acronym: MR. B
52
Pleural effusion
Excess fluid in pleural cavity
53
Atelectasis
Collapse of the lung Caused by obstruction, pleural effusion or pneumothorax
54
Superior
Towards top of body
55
Inferior
Towards bottom of body
56
Proximal
Closer to the source or center of body
57
Distal
Away from the source or center of body
58
Mediastinum - 4 structures
Trachea Esophagus Thymus gland Heart and great vessels
59
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
60
Dorsal decubitus position
Recumbent supine position Horizontal CR projection
61
Ventral decubitus position
Recumbent prone position Horizontal CR projection
62
What is demonstrated on PA chest X-ray?
Lungs Trachea from T1 down Bony thorax Hilum Heart Great blood vessels
63
Lordotic position - how do ribs appear?
Ribs distorted - straight outward like wings No curve
64
Lordotic position - how do clavicles appear?
Clavicles high and above lung apices
65
Good lateral chest X-ray criteria
Entire lungs No rotation Superimposition of posterior ribs Chin & arms elevated Equal collimation on upper/lower margins Full inspiration No motion Exposure factors
66
Good PA chest X-ray criteria
Entire lungs No rotation - equidistant clavicles from midline No superimposition of ribs Equal collimation on upper/lower margins Scapulae out of way Chin up Minimized breast shadows Full inspiration No motion Exposure factors
67
Carina
T5 Bifurcation point of trachea - separates into right & left bronchi
68
RPO
Patient's right posterior is up against IR Side of interest is left lung
69
LPO
Patient's left posterior is up against IR Side of interest is right lung
70
What is demonstrated on lateral decubitus X-ray?
Lungs Both lateral borders of ribs
71
RAO vs. LPO Differences/Similarities
Both show same view RAO - PA projection LPO - AP projection
72
LAO vs. RPO Differences/Similarities
Both show same view LAO - PA projection RPO - AP projection
73
Pulmonary embolism
Sudden blockage of artery
74
What position would be used to rule out calcification or masses under the clavicles?
AP Lordotic
75
Pneumonia
Accumulation of fluid in certain lung sections Often appears in single or several lobes Area would be whiter (or brighter)
76
Locations of: Larynx Laryngeal prominence Trachea Vertebra prominence Jugular notch Carina Midthorax/Midsternum Xiphoid tip/process
Larynx C3 - C6 Laryngeal prominence C5 Trachea C6 - T4/T5 Vertebra prominence C7 Jugular notch T2/T3 Carina T4/T5 Midthorax/Midsternum T7 Xiphoid tip/process. T9/T10 Note the path: Larynx-Trachea-Carina C3-C6 - C6-T4/T5 - T4/T5

Radiologic Positioning I (8 decks)

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