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Radiologic Positioning I > Rad Positioning - Test 1 > Flashcards

Rad Positioning - Test 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

High contrast– long or short scale?

A

short scale
mostly black & white

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2
Q

Low contrast - long or short scale?

A

long scale
many shades of gray

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3
Q

OID

A

object to image receptor distance

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4
Q

SID

A

source to image receptor distance

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5
Q

Caudad angle

A

towards the feet

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6
Q

Cephalad angle

A

towards the head

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7
Q

Osteology

A

study of bones

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8
Q

Arthrology

A

study of joints

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9
Q

Tangential projection

A

CR skims a body part
Image is free of superimposition of
other body parts

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10
Q

Anatomic position

A

standing upright position facing forward w/palms facing forward

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11
Q

Projection

A

path/direction of X-ray beam

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12
Q

Cause of most repeat X-rays

A

poor communication

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13
Q

Coronal / Mid-coronal

A

longitudinal plane dividing body into anterior and posterior parts

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14
Q

Sagital / Mid-sagital

A

longitudinal plane dividing body into right and left parts

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15
Q

CR

A

central ray

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16
Q

IR

A

image receptor

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17
Q

Lateral decubitus position

A

recumbent lateral position w/ AP or PA
projection
CR is horizontal

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18
Q

Patient is laying laterally on left side decubitus position… view air/fluid in right/left lung?

A

view fluid in left lung – gravity
view air in right lung

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19
Q

Patient is laying laterally on right side decubitus position… view air/fluid in right/left lung?

A

view fluid in right lung – gravity
view air in left lung

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20
Q

Anterior surface of hand

A

palmar surface

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21
Q

Posterior surface of hand

A

dorsal surface

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22
Q

Proximal

A

parts nearer to center of body

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23
Q

Distal

A

parts farther away from center of body

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24
Q

Lateral

A

parts away from midline of body

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25
Medial
parts toward midline of body
26
Supine
lying on back
27
Prone
lying on front
28
Superior
towards the top of body
29
Inferior
towards the bottom of body
30
Anterior (ventral)
forward/front of body
31
Posterior (dorsal)
back of body
32
Type of synovial joint of knee
bicondylar
33
Type of synovial joint of hips
spheroidal (ball and socket)
34
Type of synovial joint of wrist
ellipsoid (condyloid)
35
Type of synovial joint of elbow
ginglymus (hinge)
36
Axial skeleton
bones of central axis of body 80 bones skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
37
Appendicular skeleton
bones of upper/lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle 126 bones
38
3 rules for radiation protection
time distance shielding
39
Erect position
standing up
40
Recumbent position
lying down
41
Anterior surface of feet
dorsum surface not "dorsal"
42
Posterior surface of feet
plantar surface
43
Patient getting AP supine chest X-ray What can be done to reduce magnification?
increase SID decrease OID
44
Patient's right hand is bleeding. X-ray order is for left hand. What should you do?
Verify patient's name and birthday Double check with technologist/doctor to confirm correct X-ray was ordered
45
Synarthrodial joint
immovable
46
Amphiarthrodial joint
limited movement
47
Diarthrodial joint
freely movable
48
Dorsal recumbent
lying on back
49
Ventral recumbent
lying face down
50
(Right or left) Lateral recumbent
lying on side
51
Trendelenburg position
recumbent tilted body position with head lower than the feet
52
Fowler position
recumbent tilted body position with head higher than the feet
53
Sims position
recumbent oblique position lying on left side with right knee & thigh flexed
54
Lithotomy position
recumbent supine position with knees/hips flexed and abducted
55
Dorsal decubitus position
recumbent supine position w/ horizontal CR projection
56
Ventral decubitus position
recumbent prone position w/ horizontal CR projection
57
When joint is flexed, the angle between parts is _________
decreased
58
When joint is extended, the angle between parts is _________
increased
59
Supination
rotational movement of hand into anatomical position (palm facing up)
60
Pronation
rotational movement of hand into opposite of anatomic position (palm facing down)
61
Minimum of ___ projections that are ___ degrees apart for most radiographic procedures
2 projections 90 degrees apart
62
Minimum of ___ projections when joints are in prime interest area
3 projections: -AP or PA -lateral -oblique
63
kVp
kilovoltage peak controls the energy (penetrating power) of X-ray beam
64
mA
milliamperage controls the number of X-rays produced
65
ms
milliseconds controls the exposure time
66
mAs
milliampere-seconds mA x time exposure time controls the number of X-rays
67
Voluntary/involuntary motion can be minimized by
high mA shorter exposure time faster IR imaging system
68
4 factors causing distortion
SID OID Object - IR alignment CR alignment or centering
69
mAs is controlling factor of _____
density
70
Contrast
differences in density between adjacent areas of image controlling factor: kVp
71
kVp is controlling factor of _____
contrast
72
Higher kVp results in higher or lower contrast?
lower contrast
73
Lower kVp result in higher or lower contrast?
higher contrast
74
Density
Amount of blackness on image Primary controlling factor: mAs Secondary controlling factor: kVp Influencing factors: SID, screen & IR speed
75
ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
76
What is magnification effect on image if OID is increased/decreased?
increase OID - more magnification decrease OID - less magnification
77
How would you explain LPO position?
left posterior against image receptor
78
Collimation
restriction of X-ray beam
79
Axial projection
CR is greater than 10 degree angle along long axis of body or part
80
Effect of small focal spot
results in sharper image less penumbra
81
What is resolution effect on image if SID is increased/decreased?
increase SID - better resolution decrease SID - worse resolution
82
What is resolution effect on image if OID is increased/decreased?
increase OID - worse resolution decrease OID - better resolution
83
Spatial resolution
Sharpness of structures on image Controlling factors: pixel size, display matrix
84
Noise
Random disturbance that reduces image clarity High SNR is desirable Low SNR is undesirable
85
3 geometric factors that control image resolution
focal spot size SID OID

Radiologic Positioning I (8 decks)

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