radiation protection

Question 1

where does most radiation come from

Answer 1

Radon and Thoron (background)

Question 2

where does Radon and thoron come from

Answer 2

Gas from the ground that we inhale

Question 3

what kind of particles are Radon and thoron

Answer 3

Alpha particles

Question 4

what is radiation from space

Answer 4

Cosmic and sun raises

Question 5

what is interal radiation

Answer 5

Injested radiation

Question 6

whatis consumer radiation

Answer 6

Focile fuels, mostly smoking

Question 7

products that produce radiation

Answer 7

Smoke detectors

Question 8

what is occupational radiation

Answer 8

Job exposure

Question 9

what is Fleuoscopy

Answer 9

using radioactive stuff inside you to see better

Question 10

when was the last dental survey of radiographs

Answer 10

2014-2015

Question 11

what does ALARM stand for

Answer 11

as low as reasonable achievable

Question 12

how many intraoral exams are done

Answer 12

493,185,000

Question 13

what does NEXT stnad for

Answer 13

National Evaluation of X-ray tends

Question 14

what are the principles of radiation protection

Answer 14

Justification (patient benefit)
Optimization (adequate diagnositic infro with the lowest possible exposure) - which image type is best
Dose Limitation (protection of occupationally exposed individuals

Question 15

when are radiographs chosen

Answer 15

After thorough clinical examination

• med history
• dental history
• Clnical findings

Question 16

what are the standard radiographs for all patients

Answer 16

No “standard” radiograph

Question 17

what are the special considerations for prescription dental images

Answer 17

Previous Radiotherapy

Pregnancy

Question 18

Can you take images of a pregnant women

Answer 18

Yes, because dental X-rays are low dose

• shy away though cuz of risk
• focus on emergencies
• wait for baby to be born

Question 19

what films take the longest time

Answer 19

D-speed film the longest exposure time
F-speed film
E-spped film 
SPP
CCD fastest

Question 20

Comparison of tube voltage and tube current for D, e and F speed film

Answer 20

All about the same

Question 21

how does X-ray tube length affect the X-ray beam

Answer 21

leads to a dose reduction of 10-25% if farther away

Question 22

How does Filtration affect the X-ray beam

Answer 22

3mm of AL leads to a dose reduction of 80%

Question 23

Federal guidelines for filtration

Answer 23

total filtration of 50-70 KVp: 1.5mm

Total filtration of 70 KVP and more: 2.5mm

Question 24

what is the Optimal operation KVP (potential

Answer 24

60-70 KVP (leads to the best clearity)

Question 25

how is exposure time set

Answer 25

Set by the operator

Question 26

how does over and under exposed look

Answer 26

under: white OVer: black

Question 27

what happens if KVP is too low or too high

Answer 27

Too high: too many chades of gray | too low: too little shades of gray

Question 28

how does Collimation affect dose

Answer 28

Reduces dose approximately 60%

Question 29

does the young or old have more risk to radiation

Answer 29

Young at higher risk

Question 30

when is a thyroid collar used

Answer 30

appropriate (won't ruin the image)

Question 31

Should a lead apron be used

Answer 31

Deemed unncessary by ADA and NCRP

Question 32

how far must an operator stand if no barrier

Answer 32

6 feet away | angle of 90-135 from the central ray

Question 33

how should barriers be set up for the operator

Answer 33

Use a leaded glass window | consult with a qualified expert with knowledge of state regulated minimal shielding requirements

Question 34

can the operator hold the film/sensos or x-ray tube during exposures

Answer 34

No

Question 35

why are dose limits set

Answer 35

Ensure no determinisitic effects and decrease probablity of stochastic effects

Question 36

who sets guidelines for the Planned exposure situations

Answer 36

NCRP and ICRP

Question 37

what do exposure guidlines not accold

Answer 37

Background, consumer, or diagnostic radiation

Question 38

who should have the lowest exposures to X-rays

Answer 38

The public( people just hanging in the office)

Question 39

what is the doselimit dor Occupationally exposed individuals

Answer 39

1 mSv

Question 40

dose limit to a fetus

Answer 40

not exceed 1 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancydecalared

Question 41

how much dose do operators of dental X-ray equiment get annual

Answer 41

.2mSV (1% of allowable dose)

Question 42

INfectional contraol and Dental radiographs

Answer 42

Good, follow guidlines

Question 43

Daily schedule of radiograph quality assurance

Answer 43

- Check processing by coparing raiographs with reference, steps weidge or sensitometry and densitometry - enter causes of retake in log - replenish processing solution - check temp of processing solution - run large roller transport clean up film through autoprocessor

Question 44

weekly schedule of radiograph quality assurance

Answer 44

REplace processing solution Clean processing eq Clean viewbox review retake log

Question 45

Monthly schedule of Radiographic quality assurance

Answer 45

Exame photostimulable phosphor plates for scratches Check darkroom safelights and for light leaks Clean intensiy screen Rotate film stock Check exposure charts Inspect leaded aprons and thyroid collars for damges

Question 46

yearly schedule of radiographic quality insurance

Answer 46

Verify digital sensory with quality assurance apparatus | Calibrate x-ray