Radio Nav Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
GPS, Selective Availability, how does this affect,the navigation accuracy
A
It degrades position accuracy by manipulating satellite signals
2
Q
EGNOS is ground or satellite based augmentation?
A
Satellite
3
Q
Is aircraft height limiting for the reception of signals from the NDB
A
No, NDBs use Surface Wave as their primary means of propagation and therefore aircraft height is not limiting for the reception of signals.
4
Q
The orbital planes of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS are inclined ?? degress to ??
A
Inclined 55° to the equatorial plane
5
Q
Distance between actual position and Great Circle Track between active waypoints is known as?
A
XTK-distance
6
Q
Outer Marker of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) facility transmits on a frequency of?
A
75 MHz (modulated by morse at two dashes per second)
7
Q
ILS marker beacon operates in which freq band
A
VHF
All Marker Beacons transmit on a VHF 75 MHz carrier wave
8
Q
Doppler VOR (DVOR) utilises a Frequency Modulated (FM) signal or amplitude modulated signal.
A
FM (Conventional VOR (CVOR) utilises an Amplitude Modulated)
9
Q
Maximum Unambiguous Range formula
A
Maximum Unambiguous Range = c / 2 prf
10
Q
Category II approach: DH & RVR
A
DH: 200’ - 100’, RVR: not less than 350 m
11
Q
Position fixes follow a hierarchy of accuracy for calculating position fixes based on signals received from ground based radio navaids: DME / DME, VOR / DME, VOR / VOR
A
DME / DME (Rho / Rho) VOR / DME (Theta / Rho) VOR / VOR (Theta / Theta)
12
Q
ADF antenna(s) type
A
Loop and Sense
13
Q
Outer Marker transmits/aural frequencies
A
75 MHz / 400 MHz
14
Q
ILS Inner Marker modulation frequency
A
3000 Hz
15
Q
ILS Middle Marker modulation frequency
A
1300 Hz
16
Q
to establish aircraft position in relation to the localiser beam what is measured?
A
difference in DEPTH between the 90 Hz modulation and the 150 Hz modulation
17
Q
in which frequency band(s) does a locator normally transmit
A
LF/MF
18
Q
ILS Localiser coverage
A
35º either side of the centreline out to a range of 17 NM
10º either side of the centreline out to a range of 25 NM
19
Q
12 hours (1/2 of a sidereal day) is the orbit of?
A
NAVSTAR/GPS satellite orbit
20
Q
MLS - azimuth coverage (° and range)
A
+ or - 40°, range of 20 NM
21
Q
MLS elevation coverage
A
+ 0.9° to 20°, range of 20 NM
22
Q
c / 2 prf
A
Maximum Unambiguous Range
23
Q
c x Pulse Length / 2
A
Minimum Range
24
Q
HEIGHT OF CLOUD ABOVE OR BELOW AIRCRAFT (FT) =
A
(TILT ANGLE - 1/2 BEAM WIDTH) x DISTANCE (NM) x 100
25
NDB/ADF system performance and reliability impacted by
Static interference, night effect, absence of failure warning system
26
In terms of length, how does increasing the range on a radar-display impact PRF and pulse length
The PRF becomes lower and the pulse length larger
27
The Locator is a low powered NDB in frequency band?
LF / MF
28
Glidepath uses the frequency band?
UHF with a minimum range of 10 NM
29
Localiser is uses the frequency band?
VHF at 108.0 - 111.975 MHz
30
Outer marker uses the frequency band?
VHF at 75 MHz.
31
keying A1A modulation is?
Interrupting the carrier wave to break it into dots and dashes
32
ILS marker beacon operates in which band?
VHF band
| Do not confuse this with the amplitude modulated audio tone superimposed at 400, 1300 or 3000 Hz on the carrier wave.
33
DME utilises pulse-pairs instead of single pulses to..?
To distinguish the transmissions from transmitters of other systems utilising single pulses
34
Pseudo Random Noise is?
PRN is a code used for the identification of the satellites
35
Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency...what is this system
ILS localiser
36
morse of the Middle Marker
- . - .
37
What is cross track distance (XTK-distance)
dist' between actual position and Great Circle Track between active waypoints
38
pulse length determines min or max measurable range?
minimum
39
Does the FMS Navigation Database usually contain ATC frequencies
No
40
whats is GBAS for?
it uses ground transmitters to send correction data to receivers
41
it uses geostationary satellites to send correction data to receivers this is?
SBAS (associated with GNSS satellites
42
what is an example of ABAS and does it improve accuracy
RAIM, no.
43
Longer ranges require lower or higher PRF
Lower
44
DME channels utilise frequencies of approximately?
1000 MHz (UHF)
45
DME receiver does not lock on to its own transmissions reflected from the ground because?
They are not on the receiver frequency
46
what are the 3 EFIS colors
white, green, magenta
47
EFIS color green is for?
Selected Data, Values
48
EFIS color white is for?
Current Data, Values - White
| Armed Modes - White
49
ILS Glide Path is normally intercepted between (nm and nm)
3-10 NM
50
P-RNAV accuracy?
+/- 1.0 NM for 95%
51
B-RNAV accuracy?
+/- 5.0 NM for 95%
52
modulation form used in GPS
Phase modulation
53
NAVSTAR/GPS satellites circling the earth at what altitude
20200 km
54
EFIS color codes
Warnings -
Flight envelope and system limits
RED
55
EFIS color codes
| Cautions, abnormal sources?
- AMBER / YELLOW
56
EFIS color codes
| Earth?
- TAN / BROWN
57
EFIS color codes
| Engaged modes?
GREEN
58
EFIS color codes
| Sky?
CYAN / BLUE
59
EFIS color codes
ILS deviation pointer?
Flight director bar ?
MAGENTA
60
DME receiver does not lock on to its own transmissions because...
They are not on the receiver frequency
61
max bearing errors caused by the shoreline/coastal
000-030 degrees to the coastline
62
homing towards an NDB in an area with constant wind and constant Magnetic Variation?
Relative Bearing of the NDB should be kept 000
63
ILS consists of (lobes, freq band)
Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency
64
addition of DME / P to MLS
Obtain three dimensional positions
65
principle of distance measurement using DME
- The time between the pulse pairs of the interrogation signal is at random;
- In the search mode more pulse pairs per second are transmitted than in the tracking mode.
66
ident of a DME in case of collocation with a VOR occurs how often?
once in 40 secs
67
formula -
| Change of Rate of Descent =
5 x Change of Ground Speed
68
MLS consists of...
Azimuth transmitter and an Elevation transmitter (shared frequency) and a DME
69
MLS can minimise multi path errors
The transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects
70
ADF aerial
Loop and Sense
71
TRACKING towards an NDB in an area with constant wind and constant Magnetic Variation?
Relative Bearing of the NDB should be equal to the experienced Drift Angle
72
DME interrogation does not start before?
pulse-pairs of the tuned DME-station are received.
73
Conventional VOR (CVOR), rotates at?
30 revolutions per second
74
Aircraft height is not limiting for the reception of which radio aid signals?
NDB
75
range - En-Route Surveillance Radar
200-300 NM
76
Airborne Weather Radar in weather mode
3 – 5º Pencil beam
77
advantage of a secondary radar system when compared to a primary radar
The required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced.
78
how is secondary radar display screen free of storm clutter
'echo' return is not used in secondary radar
79
to double the effective range of a primary radar the power output must be increased by a factor of?
16
80
2D RNAV system provides guidance in which plane?
The horizontal plane
81
information given by a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation System
Crosstrack distance; Distance to Go
82
Apart from radials and distances from VOR/DME stations, what information is required by the VOR/DME Area Navigation computer in order to calculate the wind?
Heading from the aircraft compass system and true airspeed from the air data computer
83
Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in PLAN mode is indicated by?
North UP and displays expanded
84
features displayed in red on an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS), indicate:
Warnings; flight envelope and system limits
85
Outer Marker - distance from threshold?
4nm
86
The heading rose of an HSI is frozen on 200°. Lined up on the ILS of runway 25, the localiser needle will be:
Centred
87
If VOR bearing information is used beyond the designated operational coverage, errors could be ?
Interference from other transmitters
88
identification of a DME in combination with a collocated VOR is?
each 40 seconds the DME ident will be heard once on an audio frequency of 1350 Hz.
89
what is a Locator and whats it's range?
Locator: A LF / MF NDB used as an aid to final approach, 10 and 25 NM
90
Power for windscreen heating is usually 3 phase ac or dc?
ac
91
Flat rated jet engines are designed to provide constant maximum take-off thrust up to a certain altitude or temperature?
temp
92
Within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these...this describes what type of Navigation
RNAV
93
VOR, GPS and MTS and the turbulence mode of AWR use the Doppler principal....true or false
true
94
119.70 MHz is a typical frequency for?
Approach control
95
TACAN provides DME or Bearing to civil a/c?
DME
96
(ILS) Glide Paths provide azimuth coverage (i) ….. ° each side of the localiser centre-line to a distance of (ii) …. NM minimum from the threshold.
(i) 8 (ii) 10
97
Full deflection on a glide slope indicator indicates
0.7
98
ILS localiser transmitter is based on two overlapping lobes that are transmitted on (i).......... frequencies and carry different (ii)..........
(i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies
99
Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency, describes?
(ILS) localiser radiation pattern
100
greatest inaccuracy in ADF bearings is caused by?
Local thunderstorm activity
101
108 MHz and 111.975 MHz - what transmits in this range?
localiser
102
MLS installations notified for operation, unless otherwise stated, provide azimuth coverage
+ or - 40° to a range of 20 NM
103
ILS marker beacon operates in MF or VHF
VHF
104
which marker indicates the position for the decision for a missed approach during a CAT I approach due too bad visibility.
middle marker
105
provide a pilot with the position of the aircraft in the absence of radar, ATC must have how many VDFs?
Two VDF's at different locations
106
locator beacon differs from an NDB with respect to:
Operational use & Transmission power
107
greatest inaccuracy in ADF bearings is caused by?
Local thunderstorm activity
108
ILS: two overlapping lobes on the same or different VHF carrier frequency
same
109
displacement of an aircraft (with respect to the localiser centerline) doubles (e.g. from 1° tot 2°) the measured Difference in Depth of Modulation: trebles, quadruples or doubles?
doubles
110
ILS 'Beam bends' are slight curves that can or cannot be followed by large aircraft?
can
111
localiser transmitters operate in a frequency band between
108 MHz and 111.975 MHz.
112
Every 10 kt decrease in Ground Speed, on a 3° ILS Glide Path, will require an approximate Decrease or Increase of 50 FT/MIN in the aircraft's rate of descent
decrease
113
For both _____ propagation, the space wave is the only propagation path of practial use. There is no sky wave under normal conditions
VHF/UHF
114
300 to 3000 MHz
metric or decimetric
115
primary radar system, how many directional aerials are used?
One directional antenna both for transmitting and for receiving
116
Reflection from ionospheric layers is used in ___ radio frequencies:
HF
117
change in direction of an EM-wave occuring due to a change in its speed is called?
Refraction
118
Loop antenna, parabolic antenna, slotted planar antenna, helical antenna are directional - true or false?
true
119
A reason that GPS satellites use helical antennae is:
the signal has a circular polarization
120
VHF/UHF - the space wave is the only propagation path of practial use. There is no sky wave under normal conditions...true or false
true
