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135 Dental Radiography > Radiographic Interpretation > Flashcards

Radiographic Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What naturally occurring things can be found on radiographs?

A 
Developing permanent teeth
Missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth/roots
Impacted teeth
Dilacerated roots
retained roots
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2
Q

How will metallic restorations appear on a radiograph?

A 
Completely radiopaque (absorb xrays)
Can be one or multi-surface
-We want to know if they are buccal or lingual and what type of metal
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3
Q

How will non-metallic restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Can very depending on density of the material.
Porcelain= most dense, least radiolucent
Acrylic= least dense and most radiolucent
ex. porcelain crowns, porcelain fused to metal, composites, acrylics

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4
Q

How will amalgam overhangs appear on a radiograph?

A

Extensions of amalgam seen beyond the crown portion of a tooth in the interproximal regions

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5
Q

How will amalgam fragments appear on a radiograph?

A

May be inadvertently embedded in adjacent soft tissue during restoration of a tooth
Dense radiopacity with irregular borders

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6
Q

How will gold restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Crowns and bridges appear as large radioaque restorations with smooth contours and regular borders
Inlays and onlays will also exhibit marginal outlines that appear smooth with regular borders

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7
Q

How will gold foil restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

One surface

Small, round, radiopaque image and are indistinguishable from one-surface amalgam restorations

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8
Q

What are stainless steel and chrome crowns and how will they appear on radiographs?

A

Prefabricated restorations used in temporary situations.

Often not contoured properly to the cervical portion of tooth and do not appear to fit the tooth well

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9
Q

How will post and core restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Seen on endodontically treated teeth
Made of cast metal
Core resembles prepped portion of a tooth crown, post extends into the pulp canal

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10
Q

How will all porcelain crowns/ bridges appear on a radiograph?

A

Slightly radiopaque, similar to dentin.

Thin radiopaque line outlining the prepared tooth represents cement

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11
Q

How will porcelain-fused to metal crowns/bridges appear on a radiograph?

A

Porcelain is seen around the outside as slightly radiopacity with radiopaque metal underneath

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12
Q

How will composite restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Varies from radiolucent to slightly radiopaque depending on composition of material
Can be mistaken for caries

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13
Q

what are acrylic restorations and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Often used as a temporary crown or filling and will appear radiolucent

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14
Q

What are base materials and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Include zinc phosphate cement and zinc oxide-eugenol paste
Used as cavity liners to protect the pulp of the tooth and is placed on the floor of a cavity preparation
Appears radiopaque but is less radiodense compared to amalgam`

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15
Q

What are metallic pins and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Used to enhance retention of amalgam or composite

Appear as cylindrical or screw-shaped radiopaque image

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16
Q

What is gutta percha and how will it appear on a radiograph?

A

Clay-like material used to fill pulp canals

Appears radiopaque, similar in density to base materials

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17
Q

What are silver points and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Also used to fill pulp canals

Appear very radiopaque

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18
Q

What are the two component parts of complete dentures? What are they made of?

A

Base material- usually made of acrylics and will appear very faint
Denture teeth- made of porcelain or acrylic and will vary in radiographic appearance based on material used

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19
Q

What is a removable partial denture made of and how will it appear on a radiograph?

A

Constructed of cast metal and appears radiopaque.

Acrylic base material will be more radiolucent and teeth will be acrylic or porcelain and will very in how they appear

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20
Q

How will orthodontic materials appear on a radiograph?

A

Bands, brackets and wires will be observed. Characteristic opaque appearance

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21
Q

What are endosteal implants and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Used in oral surgery and will vary in appearance based on shape and design.
Made of metallic material and appears radiopaque

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22
Q

What are some other types of materials used in oral surgery?

A

Suture wires
Metallic splints
Plates
Stabilize the arches

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23
Q

How are dental caries described and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Localized destruction of the teeth by microorganisms
Appear radiolucent
Always farther advanced clinically than what can be seen on a radiograph

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24
Q

What are interproximal caries? How will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Seen at or just below the contact point
Assume a triangle configuration as it progresses inward toward the dentin.
As it reaches the DEJ, will spread laterally and continue into the dentin

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25
How are interproximal caries classified?
According to depth of penetration of enamel/dentin and as incipient, moderate, advanced or severe
26
What are incipient (class I) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?
Small lesion seen in the enamel only. Tiny radiolucent notch Defined as one that extends less than halfway through the thickness of the enamel
27
What are moderate (class II) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?
Extends more than halfway through the enamel but does not involve the DEJ Appears as a radiolucent triangle near but involving the DEJ
28
What are advanced (class III) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?
Lesion that extends to or through the DEJ and into dentin but does not extend through the dentin more than half the distance toward the pulp
29
What are severe (class IV) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?
Extend throught he enamel and dentin and more than half the distance toward the pulp. Large radiolucency extending from interproximal region to crown
30
What are occlusal caries? How will they appear on a radiograph?
Occur on the buccal and lingual enamel cusps. Early occlusal caries are difficult to see on a radiograph and are better found with dental exploration. Usually not seen until they reach the DEJ
31
How will incipient occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?
Cannot be seen and must be detected clinically
32
How will moderate occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?
May be seen as a very thin, radiolucent line in dentin
33
How will severe occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?
Seen as large radiolucency in dentin
34
What is the best way to detect buccal and lingual caries?
Best detected clinically. | May be difficult to detect radiographically because of the superimposition of the densities in normal tooth structure
35
What are root surface caries and how will they appear in radiographs?
Involve the cementum and dentin of the roots and occur just below the cervical region. No enamel involved. Occur dues to bone loss and gingival recession exposing the root surface Appear as cupped-out or crater-shaped radiolucency in interproximal region
36
What are recurrent caries?
Seen adjacent to preexisting restorations. | Occur b/c of inadequate cavity prep, defective margins or incomplete removal of caries before placement of restoration
37
What are rampant caries?
Advanced and severe and affect numerous teeth | Seen in children with poor dietary habits or in adults with decreased salivary flow
38
Conditions that can resemble caries
Restorative materials Abrasion Attrition Cervical burnout
39
What is abrasion and why can it be mistaken for dental caries?
Wearing away of the tooth structure from friction of a foreign object Frequently caused by tooth brushing and seen in the cervical margin Appears as well-defined horizontal radiolucency along cervical region
40
What is attrition and why may is be mistaken for dental caries?
Mechanical wearing down of the incisal or occlusal surfaces of teeth. Shallow concavities form when the enamel is worn away followed by rapid wearing away of the dentin
41
What is cervical burnout and why may it be mistaken for dental caries?
When tissue density at the cervical region is less dense than regions above and below it. Appears as a collar or wedge-shaped radiolucency on the mesial/distal root surfaces near the CEJ
42
How will healthy periodontium appear on a radiograph?
Alveolar crest located 1.5-2mm apical to the CEJ of adjacent teeth. In anteriors, crest appears pointed and sharp and very radiopaque In posteriors, crest is flat, smooth and parallel to a line btw CEJ's. Slightly less radiopaque Ligament space is continuous and uniform
43
How is radiographic examination used to evaluate periodontal disease?
Used to evaluate the crestal bone, lamina dura, PDL space, length and structure of tooth roots and any furcations
44
What are the limitations of radiographs in the recognition of periodontal disease?
Buccal and lingual areas are very difficult to evaluate Bone loss in furcation areas may not be detected because of superimposition of buccal and lingual bone Calculus on these surfaces will also be difficult to detect as well as bony or osseous defects
45
In the interpretation of perio disease, what should radiographs be evaluated for?
Crestal irregularities Interseptal alveolar bone loss Pattern, distribution and severity of bone loss Furcation involvements Presence of local irritatnts or predisposing factors
46
What are the two patterns of bone loss?
Vertical- Angular, not parallel to the CEJ of adjacent teeth | Horizontal- Occurs in a parallel plane to the CEJ of adjacent teeth
47
How can the distribution of bone loss be described? How is it classified?
Localized- in isolated areas Generalized- evenly throughout the arches Classified as either mild (20-30%), moderate (30-50%) or severe (50%+)
48
What are some predisposing factors for perio disease?
Calculus Defective restorations Trauma Pulpal and periapical lesions
49
What is calculus and how will it appear on radiographs?
Stone-like concretion that forms on the crowns and roots of teeth as bacterial plaque calcifies above/below gingival margin Appears as pointed or irregular radiopaque projections on proximal root surfaces. Also in rings and nodular projections
50
What are defective restorations and how will they appear on radiographs?
Restorations with open or loose contacts, poor contour, uneven marginal ridges, overhands and shy margins
51
What are fractures and what can they affect?
Defined as the breaking of a part. May affect the crowns and roots of teeth or the bones of the maxilla and mandible
52
What can crown fractures involve?
The enamel only, the enamel and dentin, or the enamel, dentin AND pulp
53
How will root fractures appear on radiographs?
Sharp, radiolucent lines on periapicals
54
How will fractures of the mandible appear on radiographs?
Radiolucent line at the site where the bone has separated. Tough to identify on intraoral images but fractures of the maxilla that involve both the labial and palatal plates can usually be sees as a radiolucent line on intra and extra oral images
55
What is luxation?
Abnormal displacement of teeth. ``` Intrusion= Displacement of teeth INTO bone Extrusion= displacement of teeth OUT of bone ```
56
What is avulsion?
Complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone | Not seen on a radiograph
57
What is physiologic resorption?
Roots of a primary tooth are resorbed as the permanent tooth moves in the occlusal position
58
What are the two types of pathologic resorption?
``` External= Affects apices. Appear blunted. Length of tooth appears shorter than normal Internal= Lesion appears as a round or ovoid radiolucency in the midcrown or midroot portion ```
59
What is a periapical granuloma?
Localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue found at the apex of a tooth Result of pulpal death and necrosis Initially seen as a widened PDL space at apex. Will enlarge over time
60
What is a periapical cyst?
Epithelial lined cavity or sac located at the apex of a nonvital tooth Result of pulpal death and necrosis Borders corticated or non-corticated
61
What is a periapical abscess?
Locallized collection of pus seen in periapical region as result of pulpal death. Acute abscesses may not be seen radiographically. Widening of PDL space
62
What is a periodontal abscess?
Destructive lesion that originates from a soft tissue pocket | Potetial to cause rapid and extensive bone loss. Several mm in a matter of days
63
What is condensing osteitis?
Well-circumscribed focal opacity seen below the apex of a non-vital tooth with history of pulpitis Not attached to tooth, does not involve PDL
64
What is sclerotic bone?
Well-defined focal opacity Lesion is not attached to a tooth and can vary in size/shape Margins are smooth or regular and diffuse Borders are continuous w/ adjacent normal bone. Not associated with non-vital tooth
65
What is hypercementosis?
Excess deposition of cementum on root surfaces Apical area more often affected. Roots appear enlarged and bulbous and are separated from periapical bone by normal-appearing PDL space

135 Dental Radiography (23 decks)

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