Radiographic Lines of Mensuration

Question 1

Sella Turcica dimensions:

AP, what is the normal and upper limit size?

Answer 1

12mm - 16mm

Question 2

Sella Turcica dimensions:

Vertical view, what is the average and upper limit of size?

Answer 2

8-12mm

Question 3

What can cause empty sella syndrome, pituitary tumor, macroadenoma, and craniopharyngioma?

Answer 3

Enlargemnet of sella turcica

Question 4

What is the McGregor line (basal line)?

Answer 4

Direct line from posterior tip of hard palate to lowest point of occipital bone

Question 5

McGregor line (basal line):
Odontoid process should not pass this line by more than \_\_\_\_\_ in males,
\_\_\_\_\_ females.

Answer 5

(M) 7-8mm

(F) 10mm

Question 6

McGregor line (basal line) is most accurate measure for __________impression in rheumatoid arthritis, other bone softening conditions.

Answer 6

Invagination/basilar

Question 7

What is the Chamberlain line?

Answer 7

It connects posterior hard palate with posterior margin of foramen magnum

Question 8

Chamberlain line:

_____ should not pass this line <4mm can be normal.

Answer 8

Odontoid process

Question 9

What is the Macrae line?

Answer 9

It connects anterior-posterior foramen magnum.

Question 10

Macrae line:

Should always remain more _____ to lowest-most tip of occiput

Answer 10

superior

Question 11

What is the Digastric line?

Answer 11

A line connecting bases of the Mastoid processes: C2 Dens should not project above this line

Question 12

Power’s ratio​ is for _____ dissociation.

Answer 12

Atlanto-occipital

Question 13

Power’s ratio​:
Distance between the basion and the
posterior spinolaminar line of C1 divided by the distance between the A arch of C1 and the opisthion. Should always be __.

Answer 13

< 1 (Less than 1)

Question 14

Another useful measurement of the craniocervical junction is the “Rule of 12”. Meaning that the basion-to-dens interval should not measure greater than ___and compared to
basion-to-Axis interval also measuring at less than ___

Answer 14

12-mm

Question 15

If basio-axial interval is greater than 12mm suggest _____ and _____ injury.

Answer 15

Atlanto-occipital dislocation and ligamentous injury

Question 16

What conditions can increase the atlantodental interspace (ADI)?

Answer 16

Instability (RA, inflammatory, Down Syndrome, Grisel syndrome-pharyngeal infection spread)

Question 17

In CHILDREN, the Atlantodental interspace (ADI) should be ___.

Answer 17

<5mm

Question 18

In ADULTS, the Atlantodental interspace (ADI) should be ___.

Answer 18

<3 mm

Question 19

Atlantodental interspace (ADI) is considered NORMAL at ___.

Answer 19

2 mm

Question 20

What is the BALLOONING OF SELLA​?

Answer 20

Widened pituitary fossa

Question 21

PLATYBASIA​: Martin’s angle is usually greater than ___ degrees.

Answer 21

> 152 degrees

Question 22

Basilar scull angle/Martin’s angle aka Welcker basilar angle, sphenobasilar angle should be WITHIN ___ degrees.

Answer 22

125-143 degrees

Question 23

On APOM view, lateral masses of C1 should be aligned with C2.
If C1 lateral masses overhang C2 by ___ combined then transverse ligament disruption is considered

Answer 23

6-mm

Question 24

Prevertebral soft tissues in adults in general should remain less than ___ at C2 and less than ___ at C6-C7

Answer 24

7-mm; 22-mm

Question 25

Cobb Method: utilizes superior_____ of upper most vertebra and inferior _____ of lower most vertebra of the scoliotic curvature

Answer 25

end-plate

Question 26

_____ method to evaluate abnormal kyphosis or lordosis

Answer 26

Cobb

Question 27

Line connecting T8 anterior body to posterior sternum should not be <13-cm in males and 11-cm- females. Straight back syndrome diagnosis.

Answer 27

<13-cm; <11-cm- females

Question 28

Normal angles of spinal discs at L4- L5= __-degree

Answer 28

14

Question 29

Lumbar lordosis can be measured by _____ method

Answer 29

Cobb

Question 30

Lumbar gravity line L3-centre should intersect sacral base this line is known as?

Answer 30

Ferguson gravity line

Question 31

_____ line should intersect the superior articular process of the vertebra below

Answer 31

Macnab

Question 32

_____measure of lumbar instability may indicate degenerative disc and facet changes and associated instability

Answer 32

Van Akkerveeken (Air; dark spot can be visible in intervertebral joint space)

Question 33

_____ classification of spondylolisthesis grading: Grade 1-4

Answer 33

Myerding

Question 34

Interpedicular distance: Normal distance at L4 is ___

Answer 34

27-mm

Question 35

Widening of interpedicular distance (<24mm) can suggest what syndromes?

Answer 35

Marfan syndrome and Elhers- Danlos syndrome

Question 36

Eisenstein Method of AP sagittal canal dimensions: Normal spinal canal at lower lumbar region should remain no less than _____

Answer 36

14-mm.

Question 37

Klein line is important in evaluating for _____

Answer 37

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Question 38

Kohler teardrop can be used as reference point to evaluate abnormal distance_____difference from the contralateral hip (Waldenstrome sign)

Answer 38

>2-mm

Question 39

An estimate of acetabular hypoplasia or overcoverage. Consider developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 39

Centre-edge angle.

Question 40

Centre-edge angle: - Normal= - Moderate dysplasia= - Severe dysplasia=

Answer 40

>15 degrees -Between 15 and 5 degrees <5 degrees

Question 41

Femoral (inclination) angle evaluation to evaluate traumatic or atraumatic causes of _____ or _____

Answer 41

Coxa Vara or Valga

Question 42

-Femoral shaft line perpendicular to tip of greater trochanter line -The fovea should lie above or at the level of “trochanter line” What is this known as?

Answer 42

Skinner line

Question 43

Acetabula angle in infant

Answer 43

12-29- degrees; 20-degrees average

Question 44

Increase and decrease in Acetabula angle would results in?

Answer 44

- Increase = congenital hip dysplasia | - Decreased = down syndrome

Question 45

_____: a line connecting bony pelvic inlet with the outer aspect of the obturator foramen.

Answer 45

Kohler's line

Question 46

If the floor of the acetabulum cross Kohler's line it may signify ______

Answer 46

Protrusio Acetabuli

Question 47

Presacral soft tissue space (adults average: _____, children: _____),

Answer 47

5-7-mm; 3-5- mm

Question 48

Widening of Presacral soft tissue space >___, consider Sacral trauma/fracture and hematoma

Answer 48

20-mm

Question 49

Symphysis pubis distance: Males-___, females- ___

Answer 49

6-mm; 5-mm

Question 50

Bohler's angle: evaluate fractures of the _____ and _____

Answer 50

calcaneus and talus

Question 51

-Line from posterior articular surface calcaneus to anterior articular process of calcaneus -Posterior process to superior angle of calcaneus tuberosity (These forms what angle?)

Answer 51

Bohler's angle

Question 52

Soft tissue heel pad (range ______). Thickening of heel pad is often associated with _____

Answer 52

19-23-mm; Acromegaly

Question 53

Glenohumeral joint space is evaluated on _____ view.

Answer 53

AP external rotation view

Question 54

What is the average measurement of GHJ space?

Answer 54

4-5 mm

Question 55

Acromiohumeral articulation space ranges between _____

Answer 55

7-11 mm

Question 56

Reduced Acromiohumeral articulation space indicate _____ tear or other causes of instability.

Answer 56

rotator cuff

Question 57

AC joint: ranges_____ normal. If less than consider osteoarthritis

Answer 57

3-8-mm

Question 58

Terry Thomas Sign indicates?

Answer 58

Scapholunate dislocation

Question 59

Scapholuante space should remain no more than _____.

Answer 59

3-4-mm