Radiological Operations ADD4 Flashcards by Dermot Hayes

T/F
Radiation energy is colorless, orderless, and tasteless.
1

True

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What are the three physical states that radiological materials come in?
1

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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The RAD 50 saturates at?
Hotline?
RAD 50 Alarms at?
1.4.2

50 MR/hr
2MR/hr
1 MR/hr

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The normal background radiation rate for the NYC area is from —— to
———?
2

0.02 mR/hr to 0.05 Mr/hr

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**Is this considered a radiological incident or emergency?
Encompasses a situation where radiological meter readings are above background from a legitimate source, and a source has not been released from its container. The source may also be naturally emitting source. Readings must be confirmed by second m to establish the situation as a radiological ——-.
2.2

Radiological incident
(Not released from container is incident)

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Is this considered a radiological incident or radiological emergency?
May involve above background readings from occupancies and locations such as medical facilities, research facilities, industry, construction sites.
Containers/packages
People who receive medical radiological treatment.
2.2.1

Radiological incidents

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Managing a radiological incident.
Confirm initial meetings with a ?
Determine the ——— of the radioactive source.
Verify that the situation involves a legitimate source, which —- ——been released from its container.
Request a ——-
Zero out and don ——-
2.2.2

2nd meter
Location
Has NOT
Haz Mat response
Dosimeter

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A radiological ———— involves a source that is out of its container, either accidentally or intentionally.
A radiological ———- also encompasses a situation where radiological meter readings are above what is expected for a specific location
2.3

Radiological emergency
Radiological emergency
(released from container)

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Is this considered an accidental or intentional radiological emergency?
Release or spill at a medical facility or research facility, a construction site.
Release in Transport such as breach package, inappropriate packaging for the material, readings above transport index.
Package containing radiological material that is involved in a fire.
Orphan source is an abandoned radiological source where the ownership is not known or available and there is no criminal intent.
2.3.1

Accidental radiological emergency

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Is this considered accidental or intentional radiological emergency?
Radiological dispersal device
Radiological exposure device
2.3.2

Intentional radiological emergency

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Initial operations for victim rescue and fire suppression should not be impeded for rates in the ——- range.
3.1.2 B

mR/hr range

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Radiological Operations.
Protective action guidelines.
Chart How many REM’s?
Lifesaving for catastrophic event?
Life-saving or protection of large populations?
Protection of major property ?
General operations at a radiological emergency?
3.1.4 a

50 rem lifesaving for catastrophic event
25 REM life-saving or protection of large populations
10 REM protection of major property
5 REM General operations at radiological emergency

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Radiological Operations
Members shall not proceed beyond the —— zone, except for life saving purposes.
rescue and recon, fire suppression.
3.2.1 a

Hot zone

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Radiological Operations
Protect exposures - initially, shut down ——— for surrounding buildings if the radioactive material is aerosolized or can be spread through fire until all exposures can be evaluated for the presence of radioactive material. 3.2.1 B.

Air intakes

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Radiological Operations.
The projected dose inside the billings will reach — REM for the general population or — REM for special groups, such as non-ambulatory hospital, patients, prison residence, nursing home residence. 3.2.1 C.

5 REM General population
10REM non-ambulatory hospital, patients, prison residence, nursing home residents

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Radiological Operations
Time permits, evacuating civilians before a ———- plumb arrives. In an incident involving ——— material aerosolized through fire or other means of dispersal. 3.2.1 C.

Radioactive
Radioactive

Sheltering in place may be a viable option if rapid evacuation is impeded and or is not feasible

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Radiological Operations
Established Decon and implement —— Decon measures to expedite the transfer of patients to EMS for treatment and transport. 3.2.1.

Dry Decon

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Radiological Operations
The dose of radiation is directly proportional to the? 3.2.2 a.

Length of time of exposure

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Radiological Operations
If manpower and equipment are sufficient, members receiving absorb doses should be rotated at dose levels of —- REM or when —- SCBA tank is expended. In the event, this is not possible, the operations chief should use the protective action guidelines, which is
10REM protection of major property
25/50 REM lifesaving
3.2.2 a

5 REM
1 SCBA tank

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Radiological Operations
The operations chief should be notified for each additional 5 REM dose the member receives. The following information should be relayed three things?
3.2.2 a

Location
Activity being performed
Radiological rate end dose

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Radiological Operations.
Levels of radiation decline exponentially as distance from the source increases. If the distance from the radiological source is doubled, the rate will drop to ——- its original rate.
3.2.2 B
Good chart on page 14

1/4

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Radiological Operations.
If standing 64 feet from the source —— Mr/hr will be received?
Page 14

2mR/hr

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Radiological Operations
Manage exposure for rescue operations by which three ways? 3.2.2.

Time
Distance
Shielding

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Radiological Operations
The most effective way to shield first response from airborne radioactive particles while operating in the hot and warm zones is to ensure?
3.2.2 C

Units wear the appropriate PPE, especially respiratory protection

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Radiological Operations T/F Members must wear SCBA while operating in the hot zone. However, if all hazards have been identified And the atmosphere has sufficient oxygen, the operations chief may decide members can operate with APR, PAPR, or N95. Page 14 shielding

True

Radiological Operations. APR may be particularly useful when, Members are operating in the —— zone performing Decon. Members whose SCBA tank is near empty, but are out of the immediate hazard area or out of an area involved in fire. 3.2.2 C page 15

Warm zone

Radiology operations. T/F Bunker gear and respiratory protection is suitable protection for most radiological emergencies. Page 15

True

Radiological Operations Each member must done a ——— when operating at a radiological emergency. Page 15

Dosimeter

Radiological Operations Members should not operate within the ——— of the radiological source. Page 15.

Within line of site

Radiological Operations Gamma rays can be stopped by materials such as? Beta energy can be stopped by materials such as? Alpha energy can be stopped by materials such as? Page 15

Gamma concrete or lead several inches thick Beta, such as wood, aluminum or plastic, approximately an inch thick. Alpha thin as a sheet of paper

The RAD50 shall be turned on when? 4.2.

When leaving quarters and continuously monitor by units when responding to and returning from alarms, performing BI, operating at radiological incidences/emergencies, mud and other outside activities

The RAD50 , when the level of radiation exceeds the rate of —-, the device will sound an alarm and alert the member. Any area that causes the RAD50alarm requires confirmation by a second radiation meter.

1 Mr/hr

The RAD50 action level is ?

1 mR/hr is the action level

Operations at a radiological incident (not emergency) Confirm initial meetings with ? Determine the location of the radioactive source, if possible, and within the scope of training and equipment. Verify that the situation involves a legitimate source which has not been released from its container. Request a hazmat response or if wanted transmit a ———. Don appropriate PPE if necessary 4.3

Second Meter 10-80 code 2

Operations at a radiological emergency (not radiological incident) Don appropriate PPE Use full respiratory protection Bring APR with ——- Zero out and don ——- 4.4

APR with adapter Don dosimeter

Radiological emergency Which tool may also be useful in managing the life hazard by assisting in the location of victims, as well as dispersed radiological material. 4.4.2

TIC Some radiological elements emit heat that can be picked up on the camera.

Operations at a radiological emergency. A ——- pattern should then be used around the object or area to determine the size of the hot zone. This pattern is used in case the radiological source is partially shielded 4.4.2 B3.

Circular

Operations at a radiological emergency. Action level? Hotline? Page 18

Action 1 mR/hr Hotline 2 Mr/hr

Operations at a radiological emergency. As we know, the Hotline is established at 2mR/hr with access to this area restricted to?

First responders conducting life-saving operations and protection of life and major property

Operations at a radiological emergency. The hotline should be marked with? Page 18.

Red hazardous materials barrier tape

Operations at a radiological emergency. The hot zone will have a reading of? The Hotline is established at? Page 18.

Greater than 2 mR/hr 2 mR/hr. (Measurements taken from the environment, not people. However, victims being removed from the hot zone to the warm zone may have levels of radiation greater than 2 mR/hr before they are Deconned.

Radiological emergency. T/F A warm zone is a specific area near the edge of the Hotline, usually superimposed in the cold zone. A warm zone does not encircle the source of the radiation. Rather it is a small defined location used for Decon or as a safe refuge area, where the radiation levels are as low as possible. Page 19.

True

Radiological Operations. The —— zone is restricted to rescue and fire suppression activities. page 19

Hot zone

Radiological Operations. Victims with life-threatening injuries should be triage and treated with START which means? Immediately by firefighters and EMS wearing the proper PPE and removed as quickly as possible to the cold zone for immediate transport. Page 19

Simple triage and rapid treatment

Radiological Operations. A ——- zone is established if contamination is present and Decon procedures need to be implemented Page 19

Warm zone

Radiological Operations. Firefighters shall ensure ambulatory victims are directed to the —— and assessed for trauma and contamination by EMS in the —— zone. Page 19

Safe refuge area Warm zone

Radiological Operations. T/F Proper Decon of victims should be verified before victims are directed to the Cold zone for triage, treatment, and transport. Page 19

True

Radiological Operations. The cold zone has less than —- mR/hr Page 19

Less than 2 mR/hr

Radiological Operations The command post will be established in which zone? Page 19

Cold zone

Radiological Operations. Time-Rotation Each member is responsible for monitoring his dose using the personal dosimeter. When members dosimeter reads a dose of —— REM. Notify the officer. If manpower and equipment are sufficient to allow rotation of members, leave the hot zone and proceed to the warm zone for Decon. If rotation members is not possible, continue life-saving operations and monitor personal dosimeter. In accordance with departments, protective action guidelines, the maximum dose, allowable for first responders is ——— REM for lifesaving, Operations and —— REM for protection of Major property. Continue to notify the officer for each additional —-REM dose received thereafter with the following information Location Activity being performed Radiological rate and dose. 4.4.3 a

5 REM 25/50 REM life saving ops 10 REM protection of Major property 5 REM for each additional dose, notify officer

Radiological Operations T/F Member should also monitor your time on air in the hot zone. Respiratory protection is required to operate in the zone. If SCBA tank runs out the membership really switched to an APR. 4.4.3

False If oxygen levels are deemed sufficient for the APR

Radiological Operations. Shielding Don proper PPE Bunker gear with hood and helmet. SCBA ——- and ——- must be carried by each member in case SCBA tank gets depleted. 4.4.3 C

APR and adapter

Radiological Operations. Shielding Use monitoring equipment, Radiation detector at least how many for team? Dosimeter how many per team? 4.4.3 C

Radiation detector at least 1 per team Dosimeter 1 per position Note if radioactive material is dispersed removal of PPE should not be initiated until the member is evaluated and Decon is verified.

Radiological Operations For radiological materials, Decon is considered successful if levels of radiation on a person or equipment do not exceed —— background levels. 6.2

Twice

Radiological Operations For NYC, the average background rate ranges from —- to —— mR/hr ( if using Ludlum with the pancake probe 25–100 CPM) 6.2

0.02-0.05

Radiological Operations Acceptable, external Decon of a person would include levels less than or equal to ——. Note, depending on the type of radiological event, the person may be considered clean however, the environment may still be showing levels greater than twice background. 6.2

0.10 mR/hr

Radiological Operations, which is preferred wet decon or dry decon?

Dry Decon You have to deal with water runoff for Water Decon

Radiological Operations. The Decon process for ——- /—— employees Dry Decon procedures, followed by ——- amounts of washing face, hair, hands and feet. 6.2.4

Radiological/nuclear events Limited amounts

Radiological Operations. Wet Decon maybe needed for ——- scale radiological emergencies because it is a quick way to deal with extensive external contamination. Weather and air/water temperature are limiting factors 6.2.4

Large scale

Radiological rates and doses No action needed? Determine incident versus emergency otherwise known as the action level? Established Hotline? Limit for general activities? Limit for protection of property? Limit for operations in involving life safety? Limit for operations involving life, safety ensuring catastrophic event? Page 30

No action needed <0.05 Action level, determined incident versus emergency 1mR/hr Establish Hotline 2mR/hr Limit for general activities 5REM Protection of property 10 REM Life safety 25REM Life safety during catastrophic event 50REM

Radiological Operations. Placards US DOT requires vehicles, transporting radioactive materials have radioactive warning, placards. Radioactive warning, placards are also required on railfreight cars, motor vehicles or trailers containing? —- or —— Yellow III packages More than ——- pounds of radioactive material. Full load shipments of ——- specific activity containers. Page 31

One or more More than 1000 pounds LOW specific activity (LSA)

Radiological Operations. Placards are required to be fixed too? Page 31.

Front Rear And each side

Radiological Operations. The number —- on the placard indicates the hazard class, radioactive Page 31

Radiological Operations Label requirements Packages containing radioactive materials must indicate the level of radiation contained in the package. Three types of labels include? Page 32.

White I Yellow II Yellow III PS these packages must be labeled with two labels affixed to opposite sides of package

Radiological Operations. Label requirements Package is containing radioactive material may also have a transport index indicating the level of radiation —— meter from the package in mR/hr. Page 32

1 Meter

Radiological Operations. Label requirements Labels must be —— shaped, with each side at least —— inches long. Page 32

Diamond shaped At least 4 inches long

Radiological Operations Labels White I Maximum reading on surface of package? Maximum reading 1 meter from package? Page 33 chart

Surface of package 0.5 1 meter from package N/A

Radiological Operations. Labels Yellow II Maximum reading on surface of package? Maximum reading 1 meter from package? Page 33 chart

Surface of package 50 mR/hr 1 meter from package 1 mR/hr

Radiological Operations. Labels Yellow III Maximum reading on surface of package? Maximum reading 1 Meter from package? Page 33 chart

Surface of package 200 mR/hr 1 meter from package 10 mR/hr

Radiological Operations. Look at the label chart on page 33 good source of information.

The transport index is located within a ——- box in the lower section of the label page 33

Rectangular box

The transport index indicates the ——- level of radiation at 1 meter from an undamaged package. Page 33

Maximum level

Transport index, if levels of radiation exceed the TI, the integrity of the package may have been —— or ——. Page 33

Compromised or breached

Transport index applies to levels of —— radiation only. Readings of alpha or beta particles indicate the package may have been breached and the shielding compromised. Page 33

Gamma radiation

Transport index of a PACKAGE should not exceed ———? The TOTAL transport index of a vehicle shipment may not exceed ——-? Page 33

Package not exceed 10 mR/hr Vehicles shipment may not exceed 50 mR/hr

Radiological Operations. Every shipment of radioactive material must be accompanied by Document such as ————— or ——- , which are great value in assessing potential hazards in transportation accidents. Page 34

Shipping papers Or Bill of lading

Radiological Operations ADD4 Flashcards

(76 cards)