Radiology Final Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
What is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue?
A
Dose
2
Q
What is changed in the size of an image cause by incorrect vertical angulation?
A
Distortion
3
Q
What is the negative electrode in the x-ray tube?
A
Cathode
4
Q
What is the part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the high voltage and low voltage transformers and insulating oil?
A
Tubehead
5
Q
What is the positive electrode in the x-ray tube?
A
Anode
6
Q
What is a focal spot in the anode?
A
Tungsten Target
7
Q
What is differences in degrees of blackness on an image?
A
Contrast
8
Q
What is the highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure?
A
Kilovoltage
9
Q
What is the x-ray at the center of the beam?
A
Central Ray
10
Q
What is a measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object?
A
Sharpness
11
Q
Who discovered the x-ray in 1895?
A
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
12
Q
Who is credited with the first practical use of radiographs in dentistry in 1896 and lost his arm to cancer?
A
C. Edmund kells
13
Q
What is/are the part/parts of an atom?
A
Central Nucleus & Oribiting Electrons
14
Q
What is the lead-line PID used to?
A
aim the x-ray beam at the film in patient’s mouth
15
Q
It is okay to let the extension arm stay pulled out after taking an x-ray?
A
No, the weight will make it become loose.
16
Q
What does the control panel contain?
A
master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button
17
Q
What are the characteristics of the x-ray beam?
A
quality, quantity, & intensity
18
Q
What does radiolucent mean?
A
dark places on images
19
Q
What does radiopaque mean?
A
white or light gray places on images
20
Q
The degree of density is controlled by the
A
milliampere seconds (mAs)
21
Q
What shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile?
A
Cephalometric film
22
Q
What is the invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing?
A
Latent image
23
Q
What is the specific test used to ensure quality in dental x-ray equipment, supplies, and film processing?
A
Quality control tests
24
Q
What is the solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube?
A
Tubeside
25
What is the film designed for use in film duplicating machines?
Duplicating film
26
What is the instrument used to hold the film phosphor storage plate, or digital sensor in the proper position during exposure?
Positioning device
27
What is the machine that automates all film processing steps?
Automatic processor
28
What is the blemish or unintended radiographic image that is not present in the actual structure?
Artifact
29
What is the part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film?
?
30
What is reusable film-sized plates coasted with phosphor as the image receptor?
Phosphor storage plates (PSPs)
31
When digital radiography is discussed it is called?
Digital images
32
Film speed is determined by
sensitivity to the emulsion on the film to radiation.
33
How many feet from the film and working area should a safe light be?
4 feet
34
What are the major legal considerations regarding the use of images in dentistry?
federal & state regulations for equipment, licensure for individuals, risk management for potential lawsuits.
35
What is a solid-state image sensor used in intraoral digital imaging?
Charge-coupled device (CCD)
36
What is an illuminated boxlike device used to view radiographs?
View box
37
What is the process of using electronic transfer of images and other information for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry?
Teledentistry
38
What is film designed for use in cassettes?
Extraoral film
39
What is the process of informing the patient about a procedure, for example the procedure for taking x-rays?
Disclosure
40
What is the radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible?
Occlusal
41
What is the image view that shows the crowns of both arches on one film?
Bitewing
42
What is the plan to ensure that the dental office produces consistent, high-quality images with a minimum of exposure to patients and personnel?
Quality assurance (QA)
43
What is scanning a traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image?
Digitized
44
What is a series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Seps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying.
Processing
45
What is accountable or legally responsible?
Liable
46
What is the color side of the film that faces the tongue?
Label side
47
What assists in the positioning of the position indicator device?
Beam alignment device
48
What devices constructed or layered aluminum steps to demonstrate film densities and contrasts?
Stepwedge
49
What is a coating on the x-ray film that contains energy-sensitive crystals?
Emulsion
50
What radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures?
Periapical
51
Permission granted by a patient after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure.
Informed consent
52
What is the intraoral device used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP?
Positioning Instrument
53
What is a common type of phosphor?
Calcium tungstate
54
What type of film is designed for placement in the patient's mouth?
Intraoral film
55
What is used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws?
Panoramic Film
56
What contains extraoral films during exposure?
Cassette
57
What is the sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation?
Film Speed
58
The dental record must accurately reflect all aspects of patient care. Documentation of all imaging must include.....
Informed consent, # and type of images, rationale for requiring images, diagnostic interpretation
59
Who has the ownership of all radiographs?
Dentist?
60
All x-ray equipment must meet the codes required by state, county or city radiation health, the regulations may include....
?
61
What is between two adjacent surfaces?
Interproximal
62
What is the angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other?
Right angle
63
What is the alignment of central ray of x-ray beam in horizontal and vertical planes?
Angulation
64
What is the coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth?
Crestal bone
65
What is referring to images with the proper structures and necessary density, contrast, definition and detail for diagnostic purposes?
Diagnostic quality
66
What is intraoral technique of exposing dental images?
Bisecting (bisection of the angle) technique
67
What is the area of the mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth that touches adjacent tooth in the same arch?
Contact area
68
What is the type of image used for interproximal examination?
Bitewing
69
What is the technique of exposing periapical and bitewing images?
Paralleling technique
70
What image is used to show the entire tooth from occlusal and surface or incisal edge to about 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex to show the whole bone?
Periapical Image
71
When taking anterior films using the paralleling technique what size film and how many films are used on each arch?
#1 film; eight
72
The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Dental Schools recommend used of the ____ because it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient?
?
73
The paralleling technique is used?
extension-cone paralleling, right-angle, or long-cone technique
74
What are the rules to follow when the paralleling technique is used?
placement, position, vertical angulation, horizontal angulation, & central ray
75
Witht the paralleling technique how many expsoures are used to take the posterior section for the maxillary and mandibular areas?
8 (4+4)
76
Incorrect horizontal angulation results in?
overlapped (unopened) contact area
77
What are the basic principles of the bitewing technique?
image receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the crowns of both upper & lower teeth. IR is stabilized when patient bites on tab or film holder. Central ray of beam is directed through the contacts of teeth, using +10 degrees of vertical angulation.
78
Because the curvature of the arch differs in most adult patients a total of ____ bitewing views are exposed?
4
79
What guidelines should you follow when treating patients with disabilities?
don't ask personal questions about disability. Do offer assistance, do talk directly to the person w/ disability.
80
What are some of the reasons when you would take exposures on an edentulous patient?
Detect retained root tips, impacted teeth, & lesions. Identify objects embedded in bone. Observe the quantity & health of bone.
81
Always remember that the management requires you to be?
?
82
A good diagnostic quality endodontic image must have?
tooth centered, at least 5 mm of bone is visable beyond the apex of the tooth. Anatomically auccurate as possible.
83
What are some of the guidelines to reduce gag reflex?
Never ask, reassure patient, suggest breathing techniques, distract patient, reduce tactile stimuli, consider use of topical anesthetic
84
What is a special device that allows the operator to easily position both film and patient?
?
85
What is a filmless method of recording a panoramic image and displaying it by using an electronic sensor and a computer to process and store the image?
Digital panoramic units
86
What is the features that allows the operator to adjust the milliamperage and kilovoltage settings.
exposure controls
87
What are images taken when large areas of the skull or jaw must be examined?
Extraoral images
88
What is an image of the teeth and bones made by placing the film or cassette against the face or the head and projecting the x-rays from the opposite side?
Extraoral imaging
89
What is the imaginary three-dimensional horseshoe shaped zone used to focus panoramic radiographs?
Focal trough (trof)
90
What is plane that passes through the top of the ear canal and bottom of the eye socket?
Frankfort plane
91
What is the use of magnetic resonance to create images of the body?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
92
What is the imaginary line that divides the patient's face into right and left sides?
Midsagittal plane
93
What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible?
Temporomandibular
94
What are the types of panoramic machines that may be used?
Film-based imaging and direct digital imaging
95
What does the panoramic imaging allow the dentist to view?
Entire dentition and related structures
96
What are some of the objects that should be removed from the patient?
?
97
What happens if the chin is to hgih in positioning the patient?
hard palate & floor of nasal cavity will appear superimposed over roots of max teeth. Detail in max. inc. will be lost. Max. Inc. be blurred and mag. Reverse smile line.
98
What will occur when the chin is too low of tipped downward?
Mandib. Inc. be blurred. Detail in ant. apical be lost. Condyles will not be visible. Exaggerated smile line.
99
What are some of the guidelines for exposing panoramic images?
Plastic barrier on bite block. Manuf. recommendations. Explain procedure. Place proper lead apron. Ask patient to remove objects, sit or stand straight, place teeth in groove. Mid-sag plane perpendicular to floor. Frankfort plane parallel to floor. Close lips, swallow, tongue on roof of mouth, remain still.
100
What is the solution if the patient's anterior teeth are not positioned in the groove on the bite-block and are too far forward, or anterior to the focal through, the teeth appear "skinny" and out of focus?
Position patient so anterior teeth are placed in an end-to-end position in the groove on the bite block.
101
What is the use of magnetic resonance to create images of the body?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
102
What is the imaginary line that divides the patient's face into right and left sides?
Midsagittal plane
103
What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible?
Temporomandibular
104
What are the types of panoramic machines that may be used?
Film-based imaging and direct digital imaging
105
What does the panoramic imaging allow the dentist to view?
Entire dentition and related structures
106
What are some of the objects that should be removed from the patient?
?
107
What happens if the chin is to hgih in positioning the patient?
hard palate & floor of nasal cavity will appear superimposed over roots of max teeth. Detail in max. inc. will be lost. Max. Inc. be blurred and mag. Reverse smile line.
108
What will occur when the chin is too low of tipped downward?
Mandib. Inc. be blurred. Detail in ant. apical be lost. Condyles will not be visible. Exaggerated smile line.
109
What are some of the guidelines for exposing panoramic images?
Plastic barrier on bite block. Manuf. recommendations. Explain procedure. Place proper lead apron. Ask patient to remove objects, sit or stand straight, place teeth in groove. Mid-sag plane perpendicular to floor. Frankfort plane parallel to floor. Close lips, swallow, tongue on roof of mouth, remain still.
110
What is the solution if the patient's anterior teeth are not positioned in the groove on the bite-block and are too far forward, or anterior to the focal through, the teeth appear "skinny" and out of focus?
Position patient so anterior teeth are placed in an end-to-end position in the groove on the bite block.
